Term
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Definition
| Measure of how closely two atoms that are sharing electrons in a covalent bond approach each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure of how closely two atoms approach each other under the influence of London dispersion forces |
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Term
| What is the difference between chemical bond length and intermolecular bond length? |
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Definition
| Chemical bond length is twice the covalent radius while intermolecular bond length is twice the van der waals radius |
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Term
| What is the definition of equilibrium? |
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Definition
| When the forward and reverse reactions proceed continuously and the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. This means that the concentrations of the products and concentrations of the reactants become constant with time. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Amount dissociated)/(Initial concentration) x 100 |
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Term
| What is the equilibrium constant K? |
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Definition
For a given chemical equation aA+bB -> cC+dD,
K = ([C]^c[D]^d)/([A]^a[B]^b) |
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Term
| What are the three special conditions of K? |
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Definition
1. There are no units
2. Can only be used for gases
3. Must be concentrations at equilibrium |
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Term
| What is the reaction quotient Q? |
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Definition
| The same ratio as K, but instead of using equilibrium concentrations, initial concentrations (or any concentration at a particular time) may be used. Q can then be compared to K to determine the equilibrium position. |
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Term
| What happens when... a) Q=K, b) Q>K, c) Q |
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Definition
Q=K - the reaction is at equilibrium
Q>K - the reaction must shift right, consuming products and forming reactants
Q |
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Term
| What are three factors that affect chemical equilibrium? |
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Definition
1. Initial concentrations
2. Relative energies of reactants/products (nature seeks minimum energy)
3. Degree of organization of reactants/products (nature seeks maximum disorder) |
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