Term
|
Definition
| state in which two opposing actions occur at the same rate |
|
|
Term
| Law of Chemical Equilibrium |
|
Definition
| at a given temperature, a chemical system will reach a state in which the ratio of the concentration of products to reactants is a constant value (Keq) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
constant value of ratio of concentration of products to reactants
products/reactants
solids and liquids are absorbed b/c of fairly constant densities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all substances are in same state |
|
|
Term
| heterogeneous equilibrium |
|
Definition
| substances are in different states |
|
|
Term
| products outnumber reactants at equilibrium if... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| four stressors for equilibrium system |
|
Definition
| concentration, volume (gas), pressure (gases), temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in concentration causes shift away from increase; decrease in concentration causes shift toward decrease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in volume favors side with more gas particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in pressure favors side with fewer gas particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
exothermic--increase in temperature shifts left
endothermic--increase in temperature shifts right |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| product of Keq and concentration of undissolved solid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ion product constant. calculated when UNSATURATED. if less than or equal to Ksp, no precipitate forms. if greater than Ksp, precipitate forms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a solute is added to a solution with a common ion, solubility of original solute decreases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binary (made up of H and one other element)
and oxyacids--made up of H, O, one other element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that increases [H+] in solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that increases [OH-} in solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that is a proton donor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that is a proton acceptor |
|
|
Term
| monoprotic acid/diprotic/triprotic |
|
Definition
| only has one proton to give away/2/3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that becomes acid or base when water is added |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dissociates completely in solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dissociates partially, then goes to equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acid ionization constant. the higher the Ka, the stronger the acid. |
|
|
Term
| after giving away/accepting protons, what happens to acids and bases? |
|
Definition
stong acid becomes weak conjugate base after giving away proton.
strong base becomes weak conj. acid.
weak acid becomes strong conj. base
weak base becomes strong conj. acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that can act as both acid and base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
constant for ionization of water
[H3O+][OH-]
1.0 * 10^-14 M squared |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acidity
1 to 14
7 is neutral, less than 7 is acidic, greater than 7 is basic
pH = -log [H3O+] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basicity. base version of pH scale. -log[OH] |
|
|
Term
| strong acid + strong base |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| products: weak conj. base and strong conj, acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| products: strong conj base, weak conj acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controlled addition of acid/base of known concentration to base/acid of unknown concentration to determine unknown concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when amount of acid and base in titration are equal (mole) |
|
|
Term
acid-base indicator
pH interval
endpoint |
|
Definition
substance that changes color based on solution's pH
-pH range where color change occurs
-point in a titration when the indicator changes color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a salt is put into solution, a small amount of it reacts in the reverse of acid/base reaction |
|
|
Term
| if acid and base produced are both strong, solution is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if weak acid and strong base are produced, solution is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if weak base and strong acid are produced, solution is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substances that resist change in pH. generally mixture of weak acid/base with its conjugate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maximum amount of acid/base that can be added without changing pH |
|
|
