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| In 1888 Who concludes that all plants are made up of cells? |
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| In 1889 who concludes that all animals are made up of cells? |
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| Cell Theory: all living things are made up of what? |
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Definition
| All living things are composed up of cells |
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| Cell Theory: Cells are...? |
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| Cells are basic units of structure and function in living things |
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| Cell Theory: New cells are created from? |
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Definition
| New Cells are created from existing cells |
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| What two characteristics do cells have in common? |
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Definition
1. They are surrounded by a barrier called a cell membrane
2. At some point, they contain DNA. |
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| Small and simplistic cells that have genetic material that is NOT contianed in a nucleus ex: Bacteria |
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| Large and more complex cells that contain a nucleus in which genetic material is separate from the rest of the cell |
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| How do cell bilogists divide Eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| They separte them into two major parts, the Nucleus, and the cytoplasm(cyto means cell) |
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| Eukaryotic cells are made up of small _____ called ____ |
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Definition
Stuctures called Organelles
*each organelle has a specific function within the cell |
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Nearly all the cell's DNA and with it the coded instructions for working proteins and other important molecules
*the nucleus is surrounded by the NUCLEAR ENVELOPE. |
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| small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm responsible for producing proteins |
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Term
| The Endoplasmic Reticulum is? |
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Definition
| An internal membrane system where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled |
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Term
| What is the function of Rough ER? |
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Definition
Synthesizes proteins
**ribosomes on surface**
Protiens produced in the rough ER move next into the Golgi Apparatus |
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Term
| What is the function of Smooth ER? |
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Definition
Synthesizes lipids and also helps to detoxify and process chemicals
**NO ribosomes on surface** |
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Term
| What does the Golgi Apparatus do? |
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Definition
To modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell
Protiens produced in the rough ER move next into the Golgi Apparatus |
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Term
| What is the function of Lysosomes? |
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Definition
| small organelles filled with enzymes that function to digest or breakdown lipids. Carbs and proteins to be used by the cell |
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Definition
Vaculoles are sac-like structures that stow materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbs
**Vacuole is much larger in a plant cell** |
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Definition
Organelles that convert the chemical energy stowed in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
**In humans, mitochondria are inherited through the female line** |
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Term
| What is the function of chloroplasts? |
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Definition
| Plant organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
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Term
| Cell Boundaries: All cells are surrounded by a thin flexible barrier known as: |
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| Cell Boundaries: Many Cells including PLANT CELLS produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as ___ |
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| Cell Boundaries: The Cell membrane regulates what ____ and ____ the cell and also provides ____ and _____ |
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Definition
| enters, leaves, protection, support |
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| Cell Boundaries: The Composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called: |
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| Cell Boundaries: The _____ gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and it's surroundings |
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| Cell Boundaries: The Plant Cell Walls are mostly ____ a tough carbohydratic fiber |
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| The cytoplasm of a cell contains a solution of many different ___ in water |
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| A solution is a mixture of 2 or more substances |
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| The substances dissolved in the solution are called? |
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| How is the concentration of a solution determined? |
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Definition
The concentration of a solution is the mass of the solute in a given volume of solution
*Mass/volume* |
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| What do you call the process within the cell where particules thend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low conetration? |
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| When is an EQUILIBRIUM reached in a cell? |
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Definition
| When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout the solution, equilibrium is reached |
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| What is it called when substances diffuse across membranes without requiring the cell to use energy? |
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| What is it called when substances diffuse across membranes, requiring the cell to use energy? |
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Definition
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permable membrane.
**Water passes easily across most membranes even though many solute moleclues cannot; osmosis is the result** |
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| Two solutions having the same concentration on either side of the cell membrane are said to be...? |
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| When is a cell HYPOTONIC? |
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| When a cell is hypotonic the solution is less concentrated inside the cell than outside |
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| When a solution that is stronger, or more concentrated in the INSIDE of a cell, what is it called? |
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| the process of bringing food inside the cell |
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| Exocytosis is the process of material leaving the cell |
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| The process of consumption by the cell |
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