Term
| what is the phamologically active drug form |
|
Definition
| Free drug is the pharmologically active form and it is the most clinically significant |
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|
Term
| which free drugs are of particular clinical importance for patient monitioring |
|
Definition
| the free drug levels of phenytoin and valproic acid are of particular clinical importance for patient monitoring |
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|
Term
| when can free drug concentrations be determined |
|
Definition
| free drug concentrations can be determined after ultrafiltration of the patient sample |
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|
Term
| why is serum the specimen of choice in free drug evaluation |
|
Definition
| serum is the specimen of choice because it prevents anticoagulant interference |
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|
Term
| how might seperation gels affect the results of free drug testing |
|
Definition
| seperation gels may absorb some drugs causing falsely lowered results |
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|
Term
| give the generic/property names for cardiac drugs |
|
Definition
| propanolol(inderal), digoxin(lanoxin), digitoxin(crystodigin, purodigin), lidocaine(xylocaine), quinidine(cardioquin, quniaglute), disopyramide(norpace), procainamide(pronestyl) |
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|
Term
| give the generic/property names for anticonvulsant drugs |
|
Definition
| phenobarbital(luminal), phenytoin(dilantin), valproic acid(depakaine), promidine(mysoline), carbamazepine(tegretol), ethosuximide(zarontin) |
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|
Term
| give the generic/property names for broncodialator drugs |
|
Definition
| theophylline(elixophyllin) |
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|
Term
| give the generic/property names for antimicrobial drugs |
|
Definition
| streptomycin(streptomycin), gentamicin(garamycin), kanamycin(kantrex), tobramycin(nebcin), neomycin(mydifradin, neobiotic), chloramphenicol(chromoyecetin), vancomycin(vancocin)+ |
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|
Term
| give the generic/property names for psychotropic drugs |
|
Definition
| Imipramine(imavate, tofranil, presamine), desipramine( norpramin,pertofrane), amitriptyline(elavil, endep), nortriptyline(aventyl, pamelor), doexpin(adapin, sinequan), maprotiline( ludiomil), lithium(eskalith, lithane, lithobid, lithonate) |
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|
Term
| give the generic/property names for antipsychotic drugs |
|
Definition
| chlorpromazine(thorazine), triflupromazine(vesprin), promethazine(phenegran), haloperidal(haldol) |
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|
Term
| give the generic/property names for antineoplastic drugs |
|
Definition
| methotrexate(mexate), cisplatin(CPDD, platinol), cycophosphamide(cytoxan) |
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|
Term
| what type of drug is propanolol classified as |
|
Definition
| propanolol is classified as an antiadrenergic drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| propanolol's effects oppose normal adrenergic effects (works against your bodies flight or fight response) |
|
|
Term
| what are the physiological responses to adrenergic drugs |
|
Definition
| rapid heart beat, increased blood pressure, broncodilation, increased alertness, and increased blood glucose levels |
|
|
Term
| how does propanolol inhibit adrenergic responses |
|
Definition
| propanolol inhibits these effects by blocking beta adrenergic receptors (reffered to as beta-blockers) |
|
|
Term
| what are the physiological effects of propanolol |
|
Definition
| decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, broncoconstriction, |
|
|
Term
| why is propanolol not recommended for asthmatic patients and closely monitored in diabetic patients |
|
Definition
| propanolol is not suggested for asthmatic patients and closely monitored in diabetic patients because it causes broncoconstriction and hypoglycemic effects |
|
|
Term
| what does digitoxin/digoxin do |
|
Definition
| digitoxin and digoxin slow and strengthen heart contractions |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between the drug concentration in the heart and in the blood of patients using digitoxin or digoxin |
|
Definition
| drug concentrations in the heart are 15-30x the amount found in the blood |
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|
Term
| what are the antidysrhytmic drugs |
|
Definition
| lidocaine, quinidine, procainamide, and disopyramide |
|
|
Term
| what is lidocaine used to treat |
|
Definition
| lidocain is used to treat cardiac dysrhytmias because of its anthestic effect |
|
|
Term
| what is quinidine an isomer of |
|
Definition
| quinidine is an isomer of the antimalarial drug quinine |
|
|
Term
| what hematological abnormalities might quinidine cause |
|
Definition
| quinidine may cause leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia |
|
|
Term
| what is procainamide used for |
|
Definition
| procainamide is used to decrease heart rate and blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| what might procainamide toxicity cause |
|
Definition
procainiamide toxicity may cause
|
|
|
Term
| what is disopyramide used for |
|
Definition
| disopyramide is used to treat premature ventricular contractions and in prophylactic prevention of sudden death after AMI |
|
|
Term
| What is phenobarbital used for |
|
Definition
| phenobarbital is used to treat all seizures except for absent seizures |
|
|
Term
| what is the most widely used antiepileptic |
|
Definition
| phenytoin is the most widely used antiepileptic drug |
|
|
Term
| besides epilepsy what does phenytoin treat |
|
Definition
| phenytoin is also used to treat cardiac dysrhythemias |
|
|
Term
| what is the make up of valproic acid |
|
Definition
| valproic acid is made up of an 8-carbon branched chain and fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| what does valproic acid do |
|
Definition
| valproic acid inhibits microsomal mix-function oxidase system |
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|
Term
| when a patient is on carbamazepine what are they frequently monitored for |
|
Definition
| patients on carbamazepine require frequent monitoring for hematological, hepatic, and renal function |
|
|
Term
| what is ethosuximide used for |
|
Definition
| ethosuximide is only used in the treatment of absent seizures also called petit mal seizures |
|
|
Term
| what is an absent seizure |
|
Definition
| absent sseizures are characterized by 5-30seconds of absence in which a patient is not fully concious but not unconcious and can keep from falling but may exhibit minor motor movements |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| theophylline is a CNS, respiratory and cardiac stimulant |
|
|
Term
| what does theophyllene treat |
|
Definition
| Theophyllene is important in the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and apnea of the premature newborn |
|
|
Term
| how are neonates on theophyllene monitored |
|
Definition
| neonates on theophyllene are monitored through saliva evaluation |
|
|
Term
| what are the aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
| streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and neomycin |
|
|
Term
| what are aminoglycosides used to treat |
|
Definition
| aminoglycosides are used in the treatment of gram negative bacteria |
|
|
Term
| what type of bacteria does chloramphenicol act on |
|
Definition
| chloramphenicol acts on gram negative bacteria |
|
|
Term
| what syndrome can chloramphenicol cause in babies |
|
Definition
| chloramphenicol may cause grey-baby syndrome in neonates |
|
|
Term
| what is vancomycin used for |
|
Definition
| vancomycin is used in the treatment of infections caused by gram positive bacteria |
|
|
Term
| name they tricyclic antidepressants |
|
Definition
| imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and doxepin |
|
|
Term
| name the tetracyclic antidepressants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lithium is used for the treatment of bipolar personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| what effects may lithium have on sodium and potassium levels |
|
Definition
| lithium may increase sodium and potassium levels |
|
|
Term
| does plasma lithium reflect the amount of lithium in the body |
|
Definition
| yes, plasma lithium concentration reflects the amount of lithium in the body |
|
|
Term
| what are the memebers of the phenothiazine group of antipsychotic drugs |
|
Definition
| chlorpromazine, triflupromazine, and promethazine |
|
|
Term
| what is the method of action for drugs in the phenothiazine group |
|
Definition
| the method of action for drugs in the phenothiazine group is the blockage of dopamine receptors in the CNS |
|
|
Term
| what are antineoplastic drugs active against |
|
Definition
| antineoplastic drugs are active against malignant and non-malignant cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methotrexate is an antimetabolite that interferes with normal cellular metabolism |
|
|
Term
| how does methotrexate work |
|
Definition
| methotrexate is a cell-cycle specific drug that inhibits DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| what type of drugs are cisplatin/ cyclophosphamide |
|
Definition
| cisplatin/cyclphosphamide are alkylating drugs |
|
|
Term
| are cisplatin/cycophosphamide cell -cycle specific drugs |
|
Definition
| no cisplatin/cyclophosphamide are cell cycle non-specific; they acto on either actively diving or resting cells |
|
|
Term
| what does cisplatin contain |
|
Definition
| cisplatin contains platinum |
|
|
Term
| why are immunosuppresive drugs administered |
|
Definition
| immunosupressive drugs are administered to reduce the risk of organ transplant rejection |
|
|
Term
| what are the immunosuppressive drugs |
|
Definition
| cyclosporin, tacrolimus, and mycophenolic acid |
|
|
Term
| what is the specimen of choice for monitioring cyclosporine and tacrolimus |
|
Definition
| the specimen of choice for monitoring cyclosporin and tacrolimus is EDTA anticoagulated whole blood |
|
|
Term
| what is the sandwich priniciple applied to |
|
Definition
| the sandwich prinicple is applied to higher molecular weight analytes |
|
|
Term
| what is the compeptive prinicple applied to |
|
Definition
| the competitive principle is applied to analytes of lower molecular weight |
|
|
Term
| in the competitive principle is the amount of light directly or indirectly proportional to the amount of antigen in the sample |
|
Definition
| the amount of light is indirectly proportional to the amount of antigen in the sample |
|
|
Term
| in the sandwich principle is the amount of light directly or indirectly proportional to the amount of antigen in the sample |
|
Definition
| the amount of light is directly proportional to the amount of antigen in the sample |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ferritin is found in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and reticuloendothelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ferritin plays a significant role in the adsorption, storage, and release of iron |
|
|
Term
| which priniciple does the COBAS 6000 use to test ferritin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what conditions are elevated ferritin levels found |
|
Definition
| ferritin is elevated in acute leukemias, hodgkin's disease, and carcinomas of the liver, pancreas, colon, and prostate |
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