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| the conversion of a substance from one state to another |
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| a process of rearranging, removing, replacing, or adding atoms to produce new substances |
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| a substance resulting from the combination of two or more elements in a definite, reproducible way, in a fixed ratio |
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| a notation for a chemical compound using elemental symbols and subscripts to show how many atoms of each element are present |
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| a process of rearranging, removing, replacing, or adding atoms to produce new substances |
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| the study of nature, properties, and transformations of matter. |
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| an expression of the numerical relation between two units |
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| the physical property that relates the mass of an object to its volume, mass per unit volume |
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| a pure substance that cannot be changed into a simpler form of matter by any chemical reaction |
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| a problem solving procedure in which equations are set up so that unwanted units cancel and only the desired units remain |
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Definition
| particles widely separated, no definite shape or volume |
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| mixture of non-uniform composition, random placement |
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| mixture of uniform composition, particles well mixed, thoroughly intermingled |
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| distance or extent in space |
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| particles closer together, definite volume but no definite shape |
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| the quantity of matter in an object |
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| the physical material that makes up the universe, anything that has mass and occupies space |
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| elements that are solid at room temperature, have a lustrous appearance, good conductors of heat and electricity, and malleable. Metals tend to lose electrons during chemical change, forming positive ions |
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Definition
| an element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals |
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| composed of a set of units that are related to each other decimally, systematic |
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Definition
| a combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains it own identity, not undergoing a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. A substance whose atoms tend to gain electrons during chemical change, forming negative ions. |
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Definition
| a tabular format listing all known elements |
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Term
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Definition
| produces a recognizable difference in the appearance of a substance without causing any change in its composition or identity |
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Term
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Definition
| a physical property that can be measured |
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Term
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| characteristics of matter and can be chemical or physical |
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| a substance that has only one component |
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| a procedure used for deleting non-signifcant figures |
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Definition
| the systematic process of observation, hypothesis, and experimentation used to expand and refine a body of knowledge |
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| a way of writing numbers that are too big or too small to be conveniently written in standard form. ax10^b |
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| units of measurement defined by the International System of Units |
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Term
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| all digits in a number representing data or results that are known with certainty plus one uncertain digit |
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| particles are very close together, definite shape and volume |
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| the density of of a substance divided by the density of water at the same temperature |
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| the physical state of a substance as a solid, liquid, or gas |
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| a defined quantity used as a standard of measurement |
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| the amount of space occupied by an object |
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| mass x acceleration due to gravity |
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Definition
| a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
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Definition
| columns of elements in the periodic table |
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Term
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Definition
| fundamental particles from which atoms are made |
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Definition
| the number of protons in the atom |
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| sum of the number of protons and neutrons |
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Definition
| stoms of the same element having diff masses |
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Definition
| the weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes that make up an element |
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Definition
| a set of energy-equivalent orbitals within a principal energy level |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific region of a sub level containing maximum of two electrons |
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Definition
| elements usually react in such a way as to attain the electron configuration of the noble gas closest to them in the periodic table |
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Definition
| the last or highest-energy electron found in an element |
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Term
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Definition
| an element in which the distinguishing electron is found in an s or p subshell |
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Definition
| an element in which the distinguishing electron if found in a d subshell |
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Term
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Definition
| an element in which the distinguishing electron if found in a f subshell |
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Term
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Definition
| energy released when an electron is added to an atom |
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Definition
| energy required to remove an electron from an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| ions composed of 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together with an overall positive or negative charge |
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Term
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Definition
| the force of attraction between any two atoms in a compound |
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Term
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Definition
| a transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another. Forms attractions due to the opposite charges of the atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| the assignment of a correct and unambiguous name to each and every chemical compound |
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Term
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Definition
| the representation of the fundamental compound using chemical symbols and numerical subscripts |
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Definition
| the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in the compound as represented by its correct formula |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest collection of atoms from which the formula of a compound can be established |
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Definition
| shorthand notation of a chemical reaction. Which describes all of the substances that react and all the products that form, physical states and experimental conditions |
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| the substances that undergo change in the reaction |
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| substances produced by the reaction |
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Definition
| the representation of the fundamental compound using chemical symbols and numerical subscripts |
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Definition
| the bond formed when atoms share electrons |
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Definition
| the group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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Definition
| the distance separating the nuclei of two adjacent atoms |
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Definition
| a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond |
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Definition
| the temperature at which a solid is converted to a liquid |
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Definition
| the temperature at which a liquid is converted to a gas |
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Definition
| ions present in solution allowing the solution to conduct electricity |
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Definition
| covalent solids usually do not dissociate and do not conduct electricity |
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