Term
|
Definition
| Anything that occupies space and has a mass. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “a tentative explanation of some regularity of nature.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tested explanation of basic natural phenomena.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An extensively tested theory…. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses |
|
|
Term
| The Law of Conservation of Mass (or Matter) |
|
Definition
| “the total mass remains constant during chemical change (chemical reactions).” |
|
|
Term
| Antoine Lavoisier (1743 – 1794) |
|
Definition
| Worked hard at establishing the prevalent way of thinking about chemistry. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Kinds of matter that cannot
be separated into other kinds of
matter by a physical process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Materials made of more than one
substance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that cannot be decomposed into a simpler substance by a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that can be decomposed to give one or more elements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| : A mixture that is uniform in composition throughout. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mixture that is not uniform in composition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “relying or based solely on experiments or experience; as, the empirical method.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “knowing, learning, acting, or characterized by intuition.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elements are made of very small indivisible particles.
Different atoms have different properties.
Atoms are non-transmutable and indestructible.
Compounds are formed by the combination of atoms.
For a particular compound, the ratio of atoms of different types is constant from one molecule to another.
Empirical in his approach. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All matter is made of indivisible particles called atoms.
There is empty space between atoms
Atoms are completely solid.
Atoms are homogeneous with no internal structure.
Atoms of different types are different in shape, size, and weight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The “ray” is made up of particles.
Cathode rays are the same regardless of source.
The ratio of charge to mass (q/m) is 1.76X1011C/kg
Is q big or is m small?
Thomson can only get q/m. |
|
|
Term
| Robert Millikan (1868-1953) |
|
Definition
Univ. of Chicago and Cal Tech
Worked on:
Cosmic Rays
Electron charge
Photoelectric Effect
Nobel Prize 1923 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Put a charge on the oil drops.
Use the charged plates to make drops stay in space.
Calculate the charge on the oil drop.
Finding:The charge on the drop is a multiple of a particular number (1q, 2q, 3q, …)
q = 1.6X10-19C |
|
|
Term
| Rutherford, Geiger, and Marsden |
|
Definition
| a-particles emitted from a radio-active source are shot towards a thin metal foil. Some of the a-particles go through the foil and hit the screen in the back. |
|
|
Term
| gold foil experiment means |
|
Definition
| atoms have large empty space in them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Worked with Rutherford in the 1920s
Discovered the neutron in 1932.
Determined the structure of the Deuteron. |
|
|
Term
| How does one element differ from another |
|
Definition
| # of protons and electrons |
|
|
Term
| Atoms of a particular element have the same number of electrons and protons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| # of protons and neutrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of atoms joined by bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ONLY covalent bonds(sharing electrons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
comprised of ions...chem formula is called "formula unit"
ex: NaCl |
|
|
Term
| naming of simple ionic cpds |
|
Definition
cation(usually metal) & anion
name metal followed by anion and make charge 0
ex: KNO3 Potassium Nitrate |
|
|
Term
| covalent bonding & cpds naming (for non metals) |
|
Definition
name 2 elems in cpd noting # of each type of atom
PCl3 phosphorus trichloride |
|
|
Term
| metals w/ variable change |
|
Definition
denote cation charge with roman numerals
elems with variable change are: Pb, Sn, Bi, Ga, In, Tl & trans metals
FeCl2 Iron (II) chloride |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
molec or ionic cpds that have water associate with them
Cr(NO3)3*9H2O = chromium (III) nitrate nanohydrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
