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Chem test 2
n/a
54
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
10/22/2009

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Term
phosphate
Definition
PO4 -3
Term
examples of oxidation-reduction reactions
Definition

respiration

combustion

Term
miscible substance
Definition
can be mixed in any proportions
Term
example of misible substances
Definition
water & alcohol
Term
when is a solution said to be soluble?
Definition
when 1 gram or more of the solute dissolves in 100 mL of solvent
Term
when is a solution said to be insoluble?
Definition
when .01 grams or less of the solute dissolves in 100 mL of solvent
Term
is H20 a good conductor of electricity?
Definition
no.
Term
is sugar water a good conductor of electricity? why?
Definition
no bc there are no charged particles
Term
what causes a current?
Definition
anything that introduces ions into a solution causes a current because it generates anions and cations
Term
electrolytes
Definition
give conducting solutions
Term
example of an electrolyte
Definition
salts
Term
non-electrolyte
Definition
no conduction
Term

solubility rule #1 for common salts in H20:

All nitrates and most chlorates and acetates are ____________

Definition
soluble
Term

solubility rule #2 for common salts in H20:

all ammonium  & almost all alkali metal salts are _____________

Definition
soluble
Term

solubility rule #3 for common salts in H20:

All chlorides bromides, & iodides are ___________ except their Ag +, Pb 2+ & Hg2 2+ salts

Definition
soluble
Term

solubility rule #4 for common salts in H20:

all hydroxides and oxides are ____________ with the exception of the alkalai metals and Ca 2+, Sr 2+, and Ba 2+

Definition
insoluble
Term

solubility rule #5 for common salts in H20:

All sulfides are ________ with the exception of the alkalai & alkalai earth metals

Definition
insoluble
Term

solubility rule #6 for common salts in H20:

All phosphates & carbonates are __________ except when they pair with Li +, Na +, K +, or NH4 +

Definition
insoluble
Term

solubility rule #7 for common salts in H20:

SO4 -2 is ___________ except when paired with Ba+2, Sr+2, Pb+2, Ag+, or Ca+2

Definition
soluble
Term
pre atomic theory definition of acids
Definition

- taste sour

-  affect color of dyes

(turn litmus paper red)

Term
pre atomic theory definition of bases
Definition

-  taste bitter

-  feel slippery

-  turn litmus paper blue

Term
What are the 3 post atomic theories?
Definition

-  Arrehnius

-  Bronstead-Lowry

-  Lewis

Term
Arrehnius definition for acids
Definition
acids give H+ in Water
Term
Arrehnius definition for bases
Definition
bases give OH- in aqueous solutions
Term
Bronstead-Lowry definiton for acids
Definition
acids donate H+.  this does not require that it is in water or soluble in water
Term
Bronstead-Lowry definiton for bases
Definition
bases accepts H+
Term
Lewis definition of Acids
Definition
electron pair acceptor
Term
Lewis definition of bases
Definition
base is an electron pair donor
Term
what type of compound is a salt?
Definition
ionic
Term

what type of compound is sugar water?

 

Definition
molecular compound
Term
is NaCl a strong electrolyte?
Definition
yes bc it dissociates completely into ions
Term
most molecular compounds dissolve in water as  _______ compounds
Definition
intact
Term
do acids ionize when dissolved in H20?
Definition
yes.  stong acids completely ionize in a solution.  weak acids do not completely ionize
Term
ex of weak acid
Definition
acetic acid
Term
acetic acid
Definition
HC2H3O2
Term

NaBr, NaNo3, Na2SO4, NaOH, Na2CO3 dissolve in H20 to form ___________ ___________ _________

Definition
 strong electrolyte solutions
Term
Are compounds containing NO3- soluble?
Definition
yes
Term
how do polyatomic ions dissolve?
Definition
as intact units
Term
if both products produced in a reaction are soluble, has a reaction occured?
Definition
nope
Term
spectator ions
Definition
can be omitted in an ionic eqn bc they remain unchanged on both sides and do not participate in the reaction
Term
acid base reaction
Definition
neutralization reaction.  acid reacts with a base and the 2 neutralize each other producing H20 (or a weak electrolyte sometimes)
Term
equivalence point
Definition
when the # of moles of OH- = the # of moles of H+ in a soln
Term
conjugate base of the acid
Definition
the fragment left after the H+ is donated
Term
conjugate acid of the base
Definition
specie that is produced when H+ is accepted
Term
does the hydronium ion lead to basic solutions?
Definition
no. acidic
Term
anhydride
Definition
A chemical compound formed from another, often an acid, by the removal of water
Term
what belongs in the class of anhydrides of the acids and bases?
Definition
oxides of the elements
Term
metal oxides
Definition

base anhydrides

less electronegative

the more metallic the element, the stronger the base

Term
non-metallic oxides
Definition

acid anhydrides

more electronegative

more nonmetallic=stronger acid

Term
how do you determine the anhydride?
Definition
subtract a water molecule
Term
what compounds are non-oxygen containing acids?
Definition

halogen hydrogen compounds

ex-> Hcl, HF, HI, HBr

Term

acid nomenclature.

if an anion ends in -ate what does the acid name end in?

Definition

-ic

ex-> SO4-2....sulfate........H2SO4....sulfuric acid

Term

acid nomenclature.

if an anion ends in -ite what does the acid name end in?

 

Definition

-ous. 

ex-> SO3-2....sulfite...H2SO3....sulfurous acid

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