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| examples of oxidation-reduction reactions |
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| can be mixed in any proportions |
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| example of misible substances |
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Definition
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| when is a solution said to be soluble? |
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Definition
| when 1 gram or more of the solute dissolves in 100 mL of solvent |
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| when is a solution said to be insoluble? |
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Definition
| when .01 grams or less of the solute dissolves in 100 mL of solvent |
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| is H20 a good conductor of electricity? |
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Definition
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| is sugar water a good conductor of electricity? why? |
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Definition
| no bc there are no charged particles |
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Definition
| anything that introduces ions into a solution causes a current because it generates anions and cations |
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| give conducting solutions |
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| example of an electrolyte |
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solubility rule #1 for common salts in H20:
All nitrates and most chlorates and acetates are ____________ |
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Definition
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solubility rule #2 for common salts in H20:
all ammonium & almost all alkali metal salts are _____________ |
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solubility rule #3 for common salts in H20:
All chlorides bromides, & iodides are ___________ except their Ag +, Pb 2+ & Hg2 2+ salts |
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Definition
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solubility rule #4 for common salts in H20:
all hydroxides and oxides are ____________ with the exception of the alkalai metals and Ca 2+, Sr 2+, and Ba 2+ |
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Definition
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solubility rule #5 for common salts in H20:
All sulfides are ________ with the exception of the alkalai & alkalai earth metals |
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Definition
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solubility rule #6 for common salts in H20:
All phosphates & carbonates are __________ except when they pair with Li +, Na +, K +, or NH4 + |
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Definition
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solubility rule #7 for common salts in H20:
SO4 -2 is ___________ except when paired with Ba+2, Sr+2, Pb+2, Ag+, or Ca+2 |
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Definition
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| pre atomic theory definition of acids |
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Definition
- taste sour
- affect color of dyes
(turn litmus paper red) |
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| pre atomic theory definition of bases |
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Definition
- taste bitter
- feel slippery
- turn litmus paper blue |
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| What are the 3 post atomic theories? |
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Definition
- Arrehnius
- Bronstead-Lowry
- Lewis |
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| Arrehnius definition for acids |
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Definition
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| Arrehnius definition for bases |
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Definition
| bases give OH- in aqueous solutions |
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| Bronstead-Lowry definiton for acids |
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Definition
| acids donate H+. this does not require that it is in water or soluble in water |
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| Bronstead-Lowry definiton for bases |
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Definition
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| Lewis definition of Acids |
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Definition
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| Lewis definition of bases |
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Definition
| base is an electron pair donor |
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| what type of compound is a salt? |
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Definition
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what type of compound is sugar water?
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Definition
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| is NaCl a strong electrolyte? |
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Definition
| yes bc it dissociates completely into ions |
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| most molecular compounds dissolve in water as _______ compounds |
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Definition
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| do acids ionize when dissolved in H20? |
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Definition
| yes. stong acids completely ionize in a solution. weak acids do not completely ionize |
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NaBr, NaNo3, Na2SO4, NaOH, Na2CO3 dissolve in H20 to form ___________ ___________ _________ |
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Definition
| strong electrolyte solutions |
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| Are compounds containing NO3- soluble? |
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Definition
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| how do polyatomic ions dissolve? |
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Definition
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| if both products produced in a reaction are soluble, has a reaction occured? |
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Definition
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Definition
| can be omitted in an ionic eqn bc they remain unchanged on both sides and do not participate in the reaction |
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Definition
| neutralization reaction. acid reacts with a base and the 2 neutralize each other producing H20 (or a weak electrolyte sometimes) |
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Definition
| when the # of moles of OH- = the # of moles of H+ in a soln |
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| conjugate base of the acid |
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Definition
| the fragment left after the H+ is donated |
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Term
| conjugate acid of the base |
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Definition
| specie that is produced when H+ is accepted |
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| does the hydronium ion lead to basic solutions? |
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Definition
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Definition
| A chemical compound formed from another, often an acid, by the removal of water |
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| what belongs in the class of anhydrides of the acids and bases? |
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Definition
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Definition
base anhydrides
less electronegative
the more metallic the element, the stronger the base |
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Definition
acid anhydrides
more electronegative
more nonmetallic=stronger acid |
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| how do you determine the anhydride? |
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Definition
| subtract a water molecule |
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| what compounds are non-oxygen containing acids? |
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Definition
halogen hydrogen compounds
ex-> Hcl, HF, HI, HBr |
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Term
acid nomenclature.
if an anion ends in -ate what does the acid name end in? |
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Definition
-ic
ex-> SO4-2....sulfate........H2SO4....sulfuric acid |
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Term
acid nomenclature.
if an anion ends in -ite what does the acid name end in?
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Definition
-ous.
ex-> SO3-2....sulfite...H2SO3....sulfurous acid |
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