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chem test 1
All chem terms needed to know
33
Chemistry
Not Applicable
10/07/2009

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Term
Matter
Definition

Anything that takes up space.

Example: A book

Term
Mass
Definition
Amount of matter a substance contains
Term
Weight
Definition

-Due to the force of gravity acting on mass.

-Weighs more at sea level

-Weighs less in space

Term
Energy
Definition

-Capacity to do work or put mass into motion.

-Can't be created and can't be destroyed.

Term
Potential energy
Definition

-Inactive or stays still, not moving

Example: rock sitting still on tip top of a hill

Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition

-Energy in motion, moving

Example: Rock rolling down a hill

Term
Radiant
Definition

-energy that travels in waves

Example: Microwave

Term
Heat
Definition

-energy that is transferred from one object to another because of difference in temperature.

Example: pot sitting on burner

-can be measured

Term
Electrical
Definition

-Energy that results from a flow of charged particles

Example: plugging into electrical outlet, nervous system

Term
Chemical
Definition

-Breaking apart or making chemical bonds

-Form of potential energy

-Can be absorbed or realeased from heat or electrical

Term
Mechanical
Definition

-Due to postition or movement of mass

-Potential if mass is still

-Kinetic if mass is moving

Term
Chemical element
Definition

-Substances that cant be split into simpler substances

-92 in nature

-20 are man made

Term
Metals
Definition

-luster, thermal conductivity, mallauable

-On the left side of the periodic table

Example: Silver

Term
Non-Metal
Definition

-no luster, doesn't conduct heat or electricity, non mallauble

Example: carbon

Term
Nobel gases
Definition

-Doesn't like to bond

On the right last column of periodic table

Term
Atom
Definition
-smallest unit of mater that retains properties and characteristics of the element
Term
Energy levels
Definition

1-2

2-8

3-18

4-32

5-50

6-72

7-98

Term
Isotopes
Definition
-Atoms of the same element has the same number of protons and electrons but different amount of neutrons.
Term
Radioisotopes
Definition

-unstable isotopes

-half life

-rate of decay slow or fast

Term
Ions
Definition

-Atoms gives up or takes electrons

-either more or fewer electrons then protons

Term
Molecule
Definition
-when 2 or more atoms share electrons
Term
Free radical
Definition
-electrically charged atom or group of atoms with unpaired electrons in the outer shell.
Term
Antioxidant
Definition
-substances that inactive oxygen derived free radicals
Term
Octet rule
Definition
-when forming compound atoms of elements gain,lose or share electrons so that 8 electrons exist in the outer valance shell of each atom.
Term
Covalant bonds
Definition

-Two atoms share 1,2 or 3 pairs of electrons

 

Term
Non- polar covalent bonds
Definition
-Atoms share electrons equally
Term
Polar covalent bonds
Definition
-one atom attracts shared electrons more strongly then others
Term
Catalyst
Definition

-speeds up chemical reaction

-Can't be changed

Term
Anabolism
Definition
-synthesis reactions in body
Term
Oxidation and Reduction
Definition

oxidation- removal of electrons from molecule

Reduction- adding of electrons to a molecule

Term

AB+C -----> AC+B

 

Definition

Double

 

AB+CD ------>AC+DB

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