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Chem Sec. 1.3-1.6, 4.1-2, 1.7-9
Key terms in the text
44
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
08/29/2010

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Term
Quantative Observation (Measurement)
Definition
Consist of a number and a unit ( scale)
Term
SI System
Definition
based on the metric system
Term
Mass
Definition
a measure of the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion
Term
Weight
Definition
the force that gravity exerts on an object to measure its mass
Term
Significant Figures
Definition
the recording of certain digits and the first uncertain digit ( estimated number)
Term
Accuracy
Definition
the agreement of a paarticular value with the true value
Term
Precision
Definition
the degree of agreement among several measurements of the value of the same quantity
Term
Random Error ( intermediate error)
Definition
that a measurment has an equal probability of being high or low
Term
Systematic Error ( determinate error)
Definition
type of erro occurs in the same direction each time , its either always high or always low
Term
Exponential Notation
Definition
0.000060 = 6.0 X 10-5
Term
Unit factor method ( Dimensional analysis)
Definition
to convert givin results from one system of units to another
Term
Aqueous solutions
Definition
the nature of solutions in which water is the dissolving medium ( solvent)
Term
Polar Molecule
Definition
oxygen atoms gain slight excess of negative charge and the hydrogen atoms become slightly positive
Term
Hydration
Definition
postive ends of the water molecule are attracted to the negativley charged anions and that the negative ends are attracted to the postively charged cations
Term
What are the freezing point of water for F, K, C degrees?
Definition
F=32, K=273.15, C=0
Term
What is the boiling point of water for F, K, C?
Definition
F= 212, K=373.15 C=100
Term
Formula for finding Celsius from Kelvin
Definition
C=Tk - 273.15
Term
Formula for finding Fahrenheit to Celsius
Definition
(Tf - 32) 5c/9f= Tc
Term
Formula for finding Celsius to Fahrenheit
Definition
Tf= Tc X 9f/5c +32
Term
Density
Definition

the mass of substance per unit volume of the substance

D=M/V

Term
Matter
Definition
`anything occupying space and having mass, the material of the universe
Term
States of Matter
Definition
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Term
Solid
Definition
rigid, has a fixed volume and shape
Term
Liquid
Definition
Definite volume, but no specific shape it assumes the shape of its container
Term
Gas
Definition
No fixed volume or shape, it takes the shape and volume of its container
Term
Mixtures
Definition

a pure substance that has a variable compsoition

Ex: wood

Term
Mixture: Homogeneous
Definition
having visibly indstinguishable parts
Term
Mixture: Heterogeneous
Definition
having visibly distinguishable parts
Term
Solution
Definition
Homogeneous mixture consisting of a mixture of gases
Term
Pure Substances
Definition
one with constant composition
Term
Physical Change
Definition
a change in the form of a substancenot in its chemical compostion
Term
Distillation
Definition
a process that depends on differences in the volatility( how readily a substances become gas) of the components
Term
Filtration
Definition
used for solids and liquids
Term
Chromatography
Definition
applied to s series of methods that employ a system with two phases( states) of matter.
Term
Chromatography:Stationary, Mobile Phase
Definition
Stationary: a solid, Mobile: either a liquid or a gas
Term
Paper chromatography
Definition
employs a strip of porous for the stationary phase
Term
Compound
Definition
a substance with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
one in which a givin substance becomes or substances with different properties and different composition
Term
Elements
Definition
substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
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