Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chem Final
Questions from previous exams
37
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
12/15/2010

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
elemental short hand
Definition
molecular weight (neutrons and protons) on the left, charge on the right
Term
why are atomic masses not exact numbers?
Definition
atom masses are listed int he periodic table as weighted averages of isotopic masses
Term
for a substance to be considered a strong electrolyte, it must
Definition
dissociate virtually completely into its ions in solution
Term
M1V1=
Definition
M2V2
Term
avogadro's number
Definition
6.02 X 10^23
Term
simplest formula
Definition
element -> relative mass -> relative # moles -> divide by smallest
Term
linear
Definition
-2 electron domains
-predicted angle bonds: 180 degrees
-looks like a bowtie
Term
paramagnetism
Definition
a property that a substance possesses if it contains one or more unpaired electrons. A paramagnetic substance is drawn into a magnetic field
Term
diamagnetism
Definition
- a type of magnetism that causes a substance with no unpaired electrons to be weakly repelled from a magnetic field
Term
trigonal planar
Definition
-3 electron domains
-predicted angle bonds: 120 degrees
-looks like a propeller
Term
tetrahedral
Definition
-4 electron domains
-predicted angle bonds: 109.5 degrees
-looks like a tripod
Term
trigonal bipyramidal
Definition
-5 electron domains
-predicted angle bonds: 120 and 90 degrees
-three around, one going up, one going down
Term
octahedral
Definition
-6 electron domains
-predicted angle bonds: 90 degrees
-four around, one going down, one going up
Term
molecular geometry-linear electron domain geometry
Definition
-linear
Term
molecular geometry-trigonal planar electron domain geometry
Definition
-trigonal planar
-bent
-pair of electrons on the top
Term
molecular geometry-tetrahedral electron domain geometry
Definition
-tetrahedral
-trigonal pyramidal
-pair of electrons on the top
-bent
-one pair of electrons on the top
-one pair of electrons on the bottom set of domains
Term
molecular geometry-trigonal bipyramidal electron domain geometry
Definition
-trigonal bipyramidal
-seesaw
-one pair of electrons in the middle
-T-shaped
-two pairs of electrons in the middle
-linear
-three pairs of electrons in the middle
Term
molecular geometry-octahedral electron domain geometry
Definition
-octahedral
-square pyramidal
-one pair of electrons on the bottom
-square planar
-one pair of electrons on the top
-one pair of electrons on the bottom
Term
linear orbital sets
Definition
-atomic orbital set: s,p
-hybrid orbital set: two sp
Term
trigonal planar orbital geometry
Definition
-atomic orbital set: s,p,p
-hybrid orbital set: sp2
Term
tetrahedral orbital sets
Definition
-atomic orbital set: s,p,p,p
-hybrid orbital set: sp3
Term
trigonal bipyramidal orbital sets
Definition
-atomic orbital set: s,p,p,p,d
-hybrid orbital set: sp3d
Term
octahedral orbital sets
Definition
-atomic orbital set: s,p,p,p,d,d
-hybrid orbital set: sp3d2
Term
all act like a single spatial region of high electron density
Definition
single bond, double bond, triple bond, lone electron pairs
Term
determine molecular shapes with the electronic geometry arranged such that the repulsions are minimized
Definition
repulsions among valance shell electron pairs
Term
ideal gas law
Definition
an equation of state from gases that embodies Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, and Avogadro’s hypothesis in the form PV=nRT
Term
Dalton's law of partial pressures
Definition
a law stating that total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone
Term
Grahams law of diffussion
Definition
a law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight
Term
rate1/rate2
Definition
[(MW)2/(MW)1]1/2
Term
kinetic molecular theory
Definition
a. molecules in a gas are far apart they interact very little with each other except near the temperature and pressure at which the gas liquefies
b. gas molecule move at high velocities in straight lines, when they do collide with something the collisions are elastic (no net gain or loss of energy)
c. average kinetic energy of gaseous molecules is proportional to the temperature on the Kelvin scale
Term
understand the deviations from the ideal gas law at high pressure and low temperature (attractive forces and molecular volume)
Definition
real gases near the temperature and pressure needed to liquefy the ideal gas law doesn’t work
Term
primitive cube
Definition
atoms on the corners of the cube
Term
body-centered cubic
Definition
-atoms on the corners of the cube
-one in the middle
Term
face-centered cubic
Definition
atoms on the corners of the cube
-one in the middle
-one in the middle on each side
Term
diamond
Definition
-very high melting point
-doesn’t conduct electricity
-each carbon atom is bonded tetrahedrally to four other carbon
atoms
Term
graphite
Definition
-high melting point
-can conduct electricity in one direction -> between planes
-carbon atoms are bonded in trigonal planar geometries to three other carbons to form interconnected hexagonal rings
Term
NaCl
Definition
-face-centered cubic
Supporting users have an ad free experience!