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| The basic building block of the universe. |
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| (if it's pure) two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio |
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| what does it mean if an atom is neutral? |
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| It has the same number of protons and electrons |
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| a charged particle (different numbers of protons and electrons) |
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| What is an example of an ion? |
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| an element that has a different number of neutrons than the original form. |
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| What is an awesome way to tell if an element has isotopes? |
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| If the atomic mass is a decimal, it has isotopes. |
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| What are uranium bombs made of? |
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| An isotope of uranium (u-235) |
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| A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus. |
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| A negatively charged subatomic particle found in electron clouds |
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| A neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus |
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| The most dense point of an atom, made up of the protons and neutrons. |
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| the number of protons in an atom |
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| the average mass of all the isotopes in an atom |
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| What is a hint to find the isotopes of an element using the atomic mass? |
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| if the atomic mass is a whole number, there are no isotopes. |
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| the number of protons and neutrons (rounded atomic mass) |
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| How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an element? |
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| Subtract the atomic number from the mass number |
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| The energy levels containing electrons aka "orbits" |
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| A location within the shell aka "orbitals" |
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| What are the four different sub-shells? |
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Definition
1. S = 2
2. P = 6
3. D = 10
4. F = 14 |
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| What are valence electrons and what are they responsible for? |
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| they are electrons in the outermost shell, responsible for chemical bonding |
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| How many valence electrons do most transition metals have? |
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| He was the first guy to think up indivisible particles. He named them atoms. |
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| He discovered electrons and their negative charge |
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| He proved that there were protons in the nucleus, and that the nucleus was the densest part of the atom. |
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| Originally organized the periodic table by atomic mass. |
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| He disagreed with Democritus that the atom existed and instead believed that everything in the universe was made from air, water, fire and earth. |
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1. All matter is made of atoms.
2. Atoms are indivisible.
3. All atoms of one element are exactly alike. |
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| column that has many characteristics in common |
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group 1
1 valence electron
charge 1+ |
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group 2
2 valence electrons
charge is 2+ |
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group 17
7 valence electrons
charge -1 |
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group 18
8 valence electrons
charge 0 |
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| what are some characteristics of metals? |
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| malleable, ductile, shiny, form cations, give up electrons |
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| lanthinides and actinides |
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| what are some characteristics of nonmetals? |
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| gain electrons, form anions, brittle, can be gases, liquids, or solids |
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| what are some characteristics of metalloids? |
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Definition
| they share characteristics of both metals and nonmetals |
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| what is an ionic compound? what happens to the electrons in an ionic compound? |
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Definition
| a compound of a metal and a nonmetal. electrons are transferred |
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| what is a covalent compound and what happens to the electrons? |
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Definition
a compound with 2 or more nonmetals
electrons are shared |
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| what is a binary compound? |
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| a compound with 2 elements chemically combined |
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