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Chem Ch. 6
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15
Chemistry
9th Grade
02/16/2012

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Term
Chemical bonds
Definition
Mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together;Atoms are usually less stable by themselves than combined with other atoms
Term
Ionic bonding
Definition
Chemical bonding resulting from the attractions of cations and anions; In pure ionic bonding, atoms give up electrons completely to other atoms, which accept them completely to form ions which attract one another
Term
covalent bonding
Definition
Results from sharing of electrons between two atoms; A pure covalent bond results in the electrons being “owned” equally by two atoms, both have equal electronegativities.
Term
Polar covalent bond
Definition
electrons shared unequally
Term
nonpolar covalent bond
Definition
electrons shared between atoms equally
Term
Bond type depending on electronegativity difference: 0-0.3, greater than 0.3-1.7, >1.7
Definition
nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, ionic
Term
molecule
Definition
neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
Term
How does a covalent bond form?
Definition
As the atoms near each other, the nuclei are attracted to each other which decreases the potential energy. But the nuclei will repel each other and so will the electrons, this increases potential energy. Ultimately the attractive forces are dominant resulting in a decrease of potential energy at which point a distance is reached where the repulsion between the like charges equals the attraction of the opposite charges
Term
what is the distance called where a covalent bonds's atoms are close enough where the repulsion between like charges equals the attraction of opposite charges.
Definition
bond length
Term
bond energy
Definition
energy required to break a chemical bod and form neutral isolated atoms
Term
octet rule
Definition
chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has 8 electrons in its highest occupied energy level.
Term
exceptions to octet rule:
hydrogen
beryllium
boron
aluminum
atoms of elements in groups 15, 16, 17, and 18 except N, O, and F
Definition
2 electrion
4 electrons
6 elections
6 electrons
can form expanded octets; more than 8 electrons
Term
Which element are more apt to have multiple bonds?
Definition
C, N, and O
Term
how to calculate formal charge
Definition
# valence electrons-# of bonds around atom-lone pair electrons around atom
Term
how to use formal charge
Definition
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