Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Aldehyde
2) Ketone
3) Alcohol
4) Alkene/ Alkyne/ Benzene
5) Ether/ Alkane/ Haloalkane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
have leaving group
carboxylic acid derivative
Carbox Acid, Ester, Amide, Acylhalide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no leaving group
Aldehyde, Ketone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Single C Carbonyl on ring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Aldehyde always C-1
*drop e- and -al |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Drop -e, add -one
*=O x2 = -oxo group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electron Withdraw Substitution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Major mechanism aldehydes and ketones
*Acid/ Base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Nu-
*Base catalysts
*anion
1)Nu- attack
2) protonation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nu-H neutral
*acid catalst
*cation
H+ already present
1)Protonate
2) Nu- attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Major new Nu- for carbonyls
*Gringard: Mg
*OrganoLi: 2Li, THF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Nu-H
*Can make H-
*2 Types: LiAlH4, NaBH4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*less reactive
*works with alcohol as H+ donor in place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*more reactive
*H3O+ after to add H+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Forms by Nu- Acyl Add to C=O w/ CN- or HCN
*Good way to add Nitrile to molecule |
|
|
Term
| Hydrogenation of Cyanohydride |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hydrolysis of Cyanohydire |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Good Nu-
Form
1) Imine- 1 amine
2) Enamine- 2 amine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*react with H2O to reform C=O
*reversible |
|
|
Term
| Connect Imine/Enamine to Amine |
|
Definition
*Use reduction
*Pd/H2, NaBH3, CN(pH2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*product of H2O to C=O via Nuc Acyl Addn
*AKA hydration of carbonyl
*form from carbonyls in aq soln
*exist as equill, can't isolate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Better E+ attracts more H2O more inc % |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
use ROH
*single addn with carbonyls
*hemiacetal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any amount of ROH + conj base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cyclic
can be isolated b/c solv not part of rxn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Neutralizing acid
* Freeze in place
*No reverse w/o H+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acetal: Strongly Basic Nu- |
|
Definition
*tend to 1,2 addn
*react @ C=O
*pKa -25
*goes to largest part+, irreversible
*RMgBr, RLi, LiAlH4, NaBH4, C=C- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*1,2 addn
*react @ B-Carb
*pKa- 25
*go to largest part+, reversible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*good res struct
*low E
*stabalize - |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
add 2nd C=O
1,3 dicarbonyl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*allow for tautomerization
*rearrangement
*equill between C+O + enol
*good Nu- w/ enols + Carbonyl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phenol prefers enol b/c aromatic ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
C=O + Base + E+
(Base/ E+ or 1)base 2)E) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
E+: go to C
H+: go to O (taut) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lots of time
weaker equillibrium base
NaOH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
faster
stronger base
NaH2, NaH on hindered base LDA |
|
|
Term
| Lithium Diisoprpyl Amide (LDA) |
|
Definition
strong hindered base
means deprotanate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
