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Chem 6
Thermochemistry
61
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
11/28/2012

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Term
Thermochemistry
Definition
The study if relationships between chemistry and energy.
Term
Heat
Definition
The flow of energy due to temperature difference.
Term
What is the difference between energy and heat?
Definition
Heat is the flow of thermal energy, whereas energy is something that can be possessed.
Term
Kinetic energy
Definition
Energy associated with motion.
Term
Thermal energy
Definition
Kinetic energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules within a substance.
Term
Potential energy
Definition
The energy associated with the position of composition of an object.
Term
Law of the conservation of energy
Definition
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be transferred or transformed.
Term
Raising a ball of a table makes _________ energy, whereas dropping it changes it to ____________ energy.
Definition
Raising a ball off a table makes potential energy, whereas dropping it changes it to kinetic energy.
Term
The first law of thermodynamics
Definition
the total energy in the universe is constant.
Term
True or false: at least as much energy must go into something as comes out of it.
Definition
True.
Term
Internal energy
Definition
The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of a system.
Term
Two kinds of state functions
Definition
State and path
Term
State Function
Definition
The value of energy depends only on its state and not on how it arrived at that state.
Term
State the relation between:
Delta-E-system
Delta-E-surroundings
Definition
Delta-E-system = -(Delta-E-surroundings)
Term
How may a system exchange energy with its surroundings?
Definition
Through heat and work.
Term
Energy leaving the system is ___________
Definition
Negative
Term
Energy entering the system is ___________
Definition
Positive
Term
While the internal energy is a _________ __________, heat and work are ________ ___________
Definition
While the internal energy is a state function, heat and work are path functions.
Term
Define the relation between:
Delta-E-system
Delta-E-surroundings
O
Definition
Delta-E-system - Delta-E-surroundings = 0
Term
Quick way to see state and path
Definition
State is uppercase, path is lowercase.
Term
Temperature
Definition
The measure of thermal energy
Term
Isothermal
Definition
Done without heat (So not change in temperature).
Term
1 calorie
Definition
Amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of water by 1*C
Term
Specific heat capacity
Definition
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1*C.
Term
Specific heat is an _____________ measure.
Definition
Intrinsic
Term
Specific heat can be applied to any substance as long as you know __________________
Definition
the mass of the substance.
Term
Unit for specific heat
Definition
J/g x *C
Term
How is specific heat represented?
Definition
Cs, c, s (Most commonly c for Porter)
Term
Heat capacity
Definition
The heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1*C
Term
Heat capacity is an ____________ measure.
Definition
Extrinsic.
Term
Heat capacity can be applied to ____________________________.
Definition
Only a particular sample.
Term
Heat capacity unit
Definition
J/*C
Term
Molar heat capacity
Definition
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1*C
Term
Units of molar heat capacity
Definition
J/mol * C
Term
Symbol for molar heat capacity
Definition
Cm
Term
A substance with the smallest specific heat in a group given the same amount of thermal energy will end up with _______________
Definition
The higher temperature.
Term
In regards to deltas, one should not
Definition
Convert them to different units after you find you've worked them out.
Term
Work involved.
Definition
Compression of expansion of gases.
Term
If a gas expands, work is ____________.
Definition
Negative.
Term
Volume of a cylinder.
Definition
A x h
Term
What units does the work formula produce?
Definition
L*atm
Term
Heat is equal to internal energy when...
Definition
There is no change in volume, and therefore no work done.
Term
Calorimetry
Definition
The measurement of heat involved in a chemical reaction by observing the temperature changes in the surroundings
Term
Symbol for heat absorbed by calorimeter
Definition
qcal
Term
How do these stand in relation to one another:

qcal
qrxn
Definition
qcal = -(qrxn)
Term
The amount absorbed by a calorimeter is ___________ to the amount released in the reaction.
Definition
Term
Ethalpy
Definition
The amount of heat released at constant pressure (AKA: Open to the atmosphere).
Term
Symbol of Ethalpy
Definition
H
Term
Ethalpy is dependent on
Definition
A balanced Chemical equation.
Term
Bomb calorimetry occurs at ______________________ and measures __________________ for a reaction
Definition
Bomb calorimetry occurs at constant volume and measures change-in-internal energy for a reaction.
Term
Coffee cup calorimetry occurs at _________________________ and measures ______________ of a reaction
Definition
Coffee cup calorimetry occurs at constant pressure and measures change-in-ethalpy
Term
Change in H is a measure of...
Definition
The heat exchanged under constant pressure.
Term
When are change in internal energy and change in enthalpy nearly identical?
Definition
When a reaction does not cause a large change in volume, so that the change in internal energy is in the form of q and not w.
Term
Postive H is an __________________ reaction
Definition
Endothermic
Term
Example of an endothermic reaction
Definition
Coldpack.
Term
Negative H is an _________________ reaction
Definition
Exothermic reaction
Term
Example of an exothermic reaction
Definition
Burning flame
Term
What is the source of thermal energy in an exothermic reaction?
Definition
Potential energy
Term
What happpens to absorbed thermal energy in an endothermic reaction?
Definition
It becomes potential energy.
Term
Ethalpy is a ______________ measure
Definition
Extensive measure.
Term
Ethalpy is defined in a _________________________
Definition
ratio with moles from a balanced chemical equation.
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