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| a bond where electrons are shared more or less shared equally between each other |
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| bonds in which a partial transfer of charge form one atom to another occurs |
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| the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons from other atoms |
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valance electron shell repulsion theory:
predicts molecular shape based on the concept that electron pairs position themselves as far as possible from each other |
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| aka rare earth metals included period atomic numbers 57-71 |
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all unstable and produced artificially
89-103 atomic number |
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| oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium |
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| modifications of an element with different atomic arrangements ex o2 and o3 |
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| F(r)= q1 q2 / 4 pi (permittivity of vacuum constant) r^2 |
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| potential energy (V) for an atom |
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Definition
| V(r)= -Ze^2 / 4 pi (permittivity of vacuum constant) r^2 |
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| Force is the negative derivative of PE |
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| E= 1/2 mv^2 + (-Ze^2 / 4 pi (permittivity of vacuum constant) r^2) |
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| ionization energy/ potential |
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Definition
| minimum energy required to remove an electron form an atom in the gas phase to form a positively charged ion |
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| effective potential energy |
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Definition
| takes in to account the attractive electron-nuclear forces and the repulsion from the other electrons |
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Term
| Effective potential equation |
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Definition
| V(eff)= -Z(eff)e^2 / 4 pi (permittivity of vacuum constant) r^2) |
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Term
| 1 eV per atom = ? KJ/ mol |
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