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Chem 1 DSC
DSC Chem 1 Summer A
97
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
06/03/2012
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Term
Ionic bonds
 Definition
When a metal interacts with a nonmetal it can transfer one or more of its electrons to the nonmetal.
Term
Covalent Bonds
 Definition
when a nonmetal bonds with another nonmetal by sharing electrons instead of transferring electrons.
Term
Empirical formulas
 Definition
gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound.
Term
Molecular Formulas
 Definition
gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound.
Term
Structural formula
 Definition
uses lines to represent covalent bonds
Term
Atomic Elements
 Definition
are those that exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units.
Term
Molecular Elements
 Definition
do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units. these elements exist as molecules.
Term
Molecular Compounds
 Definition
are usually composed of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals.
Term
Ionic Compounds
 Definition
are composed of cations (usually one type of metal) and anions (usually one or more nonmetals) bound together by ionic bonds
Term
Acetate
 Definition
C2 H3 02 -
Term
Carbonate
 Definition
CO3 2-
Term
Hydrogen Carbonate or Bicarbonate
 Definition
HCO3 -
Term
Hydroxide
 Definition
OH -
Term
Nitrite
 Definition
NO2 -
Term
Nitrate
 Definition
NO3 -
Term
Chromate
 Definition
CrO4 2-
Term
Dichromate
 Definition
Cr2 O7 2-
Term
Phosphate
 Definition
PO4 3-
Term
Hydrogen phosphate
 Definition
HPO4 2-
Term
Di-hydrogen phosphate
 Definition
H2 PO4 -
Term
Ammonium
 Definition
NH4 +
Term
Hypochlorite
 Definition
ClO -
Term
Chlorite
 Definition
ClO2 -
Term
Cholrate
 Definition
ClO3 -
Term
Perchlorate
 Definition
ClO4 -
Term
Permanganate
 Definition
MnO4 -
Term
Sulfite
 Definition
SO3 2-
Term
Hydrogen sulfite or bisulfite
 Definition
HSO3 -
Term
Sulfate
 Definition
SO4 2-
Term
Hydrogen Sulfate or bisulfate
 Definition
HSO4 -
Term
Cyanide
 Definition
CN-
Term
Peroxide
 Definition
O2 2-
Term
Oxyanions
 Definition
anions containing oxygen and another element
Term
Tetra
 Definition
4
Term
Penta
 Definition
5
Term
Hexa
 Definition
6
Term
hepta
 Definition
7
Term
octa
 Definition
8
Term
nona
 Definition
9
Term
deca 10
 Definition
Term
Acids
 Definition
are molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Term
Binary acids
 Definition
are composed of a hydrogen and a nonmetal
Term
Oxyacids
 Definition
contain hydrogen and an oxyanion
Term
Oxyanions ending with -ate
 Definition
+ic acid
Term
Oxyanions ending with -ite
 Definition
+ous acid
Term
formula mass
 Definition
the average mass of a molecule
Term
Organic Compounds
 Definition
are composed of carbon and hydrogen and a few others
Term
hydrocarbons
 Definition
are made of only carbon and hydrogen
Term
hydrocarbons containing single bonds
 Definition
are called alkanes
Term
hydrocarbons containing double bonds
 Definition
alkenes
Term
hydrocarbons containing triple bonds
 Definition
alkynes
Term
Hydrocarbon number 1
 Definition
meth
Term
Hydrocarbon number 2
 Definition
eth
Term
Hydrocarbon number 3
 Definition
prop
Term
Hydrocarbon number 4
 Definition
but
Term
Hydrocarbon number 5
 Definition
pent
Term
Hydrocarbon number 6
 Definition
hex
Term
Hydrocarbon number 7
 Definition
Hept
Term
Hydrocarbon number 8
 Definition
oct
Term
Hydrocarbon number 9
 Definition
non
Term
Hydrocarbon number
 Definition
dec
Term
law of conservation of mass
 Definition
in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed
Term
law of definite proportions
 Definition
all samples of a given compound regardless of their source or how they were prepared have the same proportions of their constituent elements
Term
law of multiple proportions
 Definition
when two elements (call them A and B) form two different compounds the masses of the element B that combine with 1 g of Element A can be expressed in a ratio of small whole numbers.
Term
Mass number
 Definition
sum of neutrons and protons
Term
Cations
 Definition
positive charge ions
Term
anions
 Definition
negative charge ions
Term
C-f temp
 Definition
c=(f-32)/1.8
Term
Exa
 Definition
10^18
Term
Peta
 Definition
10^15
Term
tera
 Definition
10^12
Term
giga
 Definition
10^9
Term
mega
 Definition
10^6
Term
kilo
 Definition
10^3
Term
deci
 Definition
10^-1
Term
centi
 Definition
10^-2
Term
milli
 Definition
10^-3
Term
micro
 Definition
10^-6
Term
nano
 Definition
10^-9
Term
pico
 Definition
10^-12
Term
femto
 Definition
10^-15
Term
atto
 Definition
10^-18
Term
1km=
 Definition
.6214 mile
Term
1meter=
 Definition
39.37 inches
Term
1 foot=
 Definition
30.48cm
Term
39.37 inches=
 Definition
1.094 yards
Term
1kg=
 Definition
2.205 lbs
Term
1lb=
 Definition
453.59g
Term
1oz=
 Definition
28.35grams
Term
1 liter=
 Definition
1000ml or 1000cm^3
1.057 qts
Term
1 gal=
 Definition
3.785 liters
Term
intensive property
 Definition
one that is independent of the amount of the substance
Term
extensive property
 Definition
depends on the amount of the substance
Term
Accuracy refers to
 Definition
how close the measured value is to the actual value
Term
precision refers to
 Definition
to how close a series of measurements are to one another and how reproducible they are
Term
Random error
 Definition
error that has equal probability of being to high or too low
Term
Systematic Error
 Definition
error that tends to be to high or two low.
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