Term
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Definition
d orbital electrons determine color and magnetic properties.
strong(low spin)/weak (high spin) field ligands
orbitals: eg and t2g
-for tetrahedral: t2g below eg
-for octahedral: eg below t2g |
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Term
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Definition
double degenerate
dz2, dx2-y2
lobes point towards ligands and are repelled
energy goes up |
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Term
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Definition
triple degenerate
dxy, dzy, dzx
don;t point towards ligands, aren't repelled
down in energy (relative to eg) |
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Term
Hydrogen formation
concepts+reactions
BP, H Bonds |
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Definition
by product of petroleum refining
metal in acid
split h2o (sunlight?)
reforming: CH4+H2O->CO+3H2
water-gas shift: CO+H2O->CO2+H2O
B= -20K
H Bond NRG= 20kj/mol |
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Term
Down's Process
Important Reactions |
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Definition
Formation of Alkali Metals - Electrolysis
Na+ + Cl- -> Na+1/2Cl2 gas
IMP RXN
2KNO3+4C->K2CO3+3CO+N2 (NaNO3 subs)
-->gunpowder |
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Term
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Definition
NaHCO3 - baking soda
NACO3 - washing soda (ppt Mg) |
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Term
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Definition
Formation of Alkaline Earths
Mg+2 + 2Cl- -> Mg +Cl2 |
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Term
| Alkaline Earth Properties |
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Definition
Berillium - weird, metallic+nonmetallic properties
NOT WATER SOLUBLE like Alkalis
-->CaCO3: calcite, limestone, shells, chalk |
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Term
Alkaline Earth
Compounds/Uses
Mg, Ca |
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Definition
Fireworks
Mg-
Mg(OH)2- milk of magnesia
MgSO4 - laxative, muscle relaxer
chlorophyll (Mg+2 center)
Ca
CaO - quicklime, turns into Ca(OH)2 with water, slaked lime
CaO+CaSO4x2H2O - concrete |
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Term
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Definition
Borax, reduction with Mg
compounds |
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Term
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Definition
Bauxite
Hall Process
compounds
can reduce Ca, Ba if large excess present |
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Term
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Definition
HIGH melting point
diamond, graphite, buckyballs (fullerenes), carbon nanotubes
compounds |
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Term
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Definition
SiO2 (sand) and graphite rxn
semiconductor
diamond structure (also amorphous struc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Semiconductor like Si, more expensive, not as important |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| PbS - galena, oxidation +rxn w/ C |
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Term
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Definition
liquify air+fractional distillation
-196 C BP, -210 C MP
ox # -3 to +5
N2 is very stable
FERTILIZER!
compounds |
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Term
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Definition
Making Ammonium
N2+3H2->3NH3
high temp+pressure |
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Term
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Definition
Heating Ca3(PO4)2 w/ sand + C
P4 - white phosphorus (reactive!!)
P4 chains - red phosphorus (less)
compounds |
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Term
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Definition
GaAs lasers for CDs
made from sulfide ore As2O3, Sb2S3 |
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Term
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Definition
fractional distillation of liquid air
steel manufacturing
O3 OZONE |
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Term
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Definition
sulfide ores, found as a native element
S8 in nature
ox #s from -2 to +6
compounds |
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Term
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Definition
Electrolysis of KF
halogen
F2=colorless highly reactive gas
salts not as soluble as Cl salts
TEFLON |
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Term
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Definition
halogen
electrolysis of NaCl-->DOWNS PROCESS (alkalis)
CL2 used for H2O purification
PVC |
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Term
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Definition
halogen
Cl2 used to produce
2Br- + Cl2 -> Br2 + 2Cl-
red brown liquid - fire retardants, organic synthesis
same acids as Cl |
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Term
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Definition
uses Cl2 to form just like Br
2I- + Cl2 -> I2 + 2Cl-
same acids as Br, Cl
THYROID-essential to life!! |
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Term
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Definition
monatomic gases
all except He+Rn made by fractional distillation of air
lasers, lighting, make rare compounds |
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Term
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Definition
qualitatively similar
all d-block are metals, most are good conductors
some metallic |
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Term
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Definition
distill N2, O2 out of liquid air
to get rare gases: then rapidly expand gas and then cool quickly (fire extinguisher effect)
--most abundant: Ar |
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Term
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Definition
particles suspended in a solvent
1 nm to 1 micron
appears uniform
typically in constant motion |
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Term
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Definition
2nd row transition radii bigger than 1st, but 3rd are not necessarily bigger than 2nd
why? because 3rd row electrons are so close to nucleus that it is dense and pulls outer e- in, making it have a smaller radius than expected
can be seen in:
lower reactivities of Au and Pt
Hg as a liquid
Os and Ruthenium have same atomic radius
Gold exists in pure form in nature |
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Term
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Definition
Associated with losing all the s and d electrons
reflects ionization of s electrons, usually
+2 - loss of 2 s electrons
+4 - loss of 2 d electrons |
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Term
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Definition
the # of times ligand(s) are bonded to the central metal atom
determines structure
6-octahedral
4-tetrahedral
ligands are bidentate (bond at two spots), tridentate, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
chiral - must be bidentate or higher
these are optical isomers (compounds are mirror images) [cis]
achiral - geometrical isomer (molecule is superimposable on its mirror image) [trans] |
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Term
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Definition
bidentate ligand forms a ring with the metal atom as one member
ethylenediammine (en)
oxalate (ox) |
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