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| the closeness of a measurement to the true value of the quantity that is measured. |
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| The amount of product actually obtained in a reaction |
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| An ion with a negative charge |
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| The smallest piece of an element that can enter into chemical combinations. |
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| A substance capable of donating a proton (H+) |
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| A substance capable of accepting a proton. |
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| A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed |
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| The area of chemistry concerned with the speeds, or rates, at which chemical reactions occur. |
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| An ion with a net positive charge |
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| A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions |
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| A bond in which two electrons are shared by two atoms. |
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| the mass of a substance divided by its volume. |
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| The gradual mixing of one substance with another due to random molecular motion. |
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| A procedure for preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution. |
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| A substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity. |
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| The ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond. |
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| A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. |
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| Processes that absorb heat from the surroundings. |
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Definition
| The capcity to do work or to produce change. |
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Definition
| A state in which there are no observable changes as time goes by. |
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| One ore more reactants present in quantities greater than those needed to react with the quantity of the limiting reagent. |
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Definition
| Processes that give off heat to the surroundings. |
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Term
| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. |
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Definition
| The transfer of thermal energy (energy associated with trandom motion of atoms and molecules) between two bodies that are at different temperatures. |
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Definition
| When reactants are converted to products, the change in enthalpy is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps. |
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Definition
| A special type of dipole-dipole interaction between containing hydrogen bonded to an electronegative element. The most important examples involve nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine. For instance, the attraction on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on a second water molecule would constitute a "hydrogen bond" |
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| Compounds other than organic compounds |
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| The electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound |
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| The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom (or an ion) in its ground state. |
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| Atoms having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
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| Unit of energy given by newtons - meters. |
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| Energy available because of the motion of an object. |
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Definition
| If an external stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will adjust itself in such a way as to partially offset the stress. |
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| The reactant used up first in a reaction. |
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| Properties that can be measured directly |
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| Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity and have the tendency to form positive ions in ionic compounds. |
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Definition
| A combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their identity. |
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| The mass of one mole of atoms, molecules, or other particles. |
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Definition
| The number of moles of solute in one liter of solution. |
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Definition
| A collection of Avogadro's number of objects. |
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Definition
| A neutral aggregate of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
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Definition
| A substance that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution that is not electrically conducting. |
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| An atom other than hydrogen tends to form bonds until it is surrounded by eight valence electrons. |
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| The ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, multiplied by 100%. |
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Definition
| The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. |
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| Any property of a substance that can be observed without transforming the substance into some other substance. |
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| Any molecule that possesses a dipole moment. |
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| Energy available by virtue of an object's position. |
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Definition
| An insoluble solid that separates from the solution. |
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Definition
| The closeness of agreement of two or more measurements of the same quantity. |
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Definition
| Force applied per unit area. |
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Definition
| An ionic compound made up of a cation and an anion. |
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Definition
| At a given temperature, the solution taht results when the maximum amount of a substance dissolves in a solvent. |
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| The number of meaningful digits in a measured or calculated quantity. |
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