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| A brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones. |
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| A model for the way nature is which tries to explain not merely what nature does, but also why. It explains our laws and observations. |
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| A scientific theory proposed by John Dalton to explain the laws known at the time, which asserted that matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms. |
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| A type of solid in which the atoms or molecules are in geometric patterns with long-range, repeating order. Ex. Salt |
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| A type of solid in which the atoms or molecules do not have long-range order. Ex. Glass |
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| The state in which atoms or molecules are closely packed together, but may move relative to one another so that it has a fixed volume, but takes the shape of its container. |
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| The state in which atoms or molecules have a lot of space between them and are free to move relative to one another so that they assume both the shape and the volume of the container they are held within. |
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The first division of the classification of matter:
- Made up of one particle.
- Composition is invariant.
- Can exist molecularly, but does not have to, and it still must only be one type of particle. |
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The first division in the classification of matter:
- More than one particle.
- Particles exist in proportions that are variant from one sample to another. |
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A division in the classification of matter under Pure Substance:
- Cannot be decomposed into a simpler substance.
- Can exist molecularly, but only if they are composed by multiples of the same type of atom.
- Ex. Helium |
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A division in the classification of matter under Pure Substance:
- Can Can be decomposed into a simpler substance.
- Must exist molecularly with more than one type of atom in fixed, definite proportions.
- Ex. Pure water |
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A division in the classification of matter under Mixture:
- Composition varies from one region to another.
- Wet sand |
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A division of the classification of matter under Mixture:
- Composition does not vary from one region to another.
- Lemonade |
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| Carefully pouring off liquid to separate a mixture. |
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| A process used to separate mixtures where the mixture is heated to boil off the more volatile liquid to be re-condensed in a separate container. |
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| How vaporizable a liquid is. |
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| A process used to separate a mixture where it is poured through filter paper in a funnel |
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| Changes that alter only state or appearance, but not composition, where the atoms do not change their identity. |
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| Changes that alter the composition of matter, where atoms are rearranged so as to create different substances. |
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| A property that a substance displays without changing its composition. |
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| A property that a substance displays only by changing its composition. |
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| The action of a force through a distance. |
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| The energy associated with the motion of an object. |
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| The energy associated with an object's position or composition. |
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| A property that is independent of the amount of a substance. |
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| A property that is dependent on the amount of a substance. Ex. Mass |
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Numbers that have no uncertainty and thus have unlimited significant figures:
- Counting of objects
- Equivalencies between units
- Integral numbers as part of an equation. |
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| How close the measured value is to the actual value. |
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| How close a series of measurements are to one another, or how reproducible they are. |
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| Error that has equal probability of being too low or too high, which can average itself out with enough trials. |
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| Error that tends toward being either too high or too low, which does not average out with repeated trials. |
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