Term
| The action of ghrelin is to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following can prevent the trend toward overeating? |
|
Definition
| increasing foods in the diet that have low energy density |
|
|
Term
| A consequence of orlistat therapy is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A surgical intervention whereby a pouch is created that diverts the flow of nutrients through parts of the gastrointestinal tract is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major function of lipoprotein lipase is to |
|
Definition
| remove triglycerides from blood for storage |
|
|
Term
| As a general rule, in comparing energy density of foods: |
|
Definition
| foods with a high energy density are more likely to lead to weight gain. |
|
|
Term
| Weight management strategies that can be utilized to gain weight include |
|
Definition
| selecting energy-dense meals |
|
|
Term
| A person who is very active would tend to: |
|
Definition
| use more discretionary kcalories in his diet |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following behaviors is the least effective when one is trying to lose weight? |
|
Definition
| eating food while watching television |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following does NOT describe the behavior of fat cells? |
|
Definition
| The number decreases when fat is lost from the body |
|
|
Term
| Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty he continued to gain weight steadily until at age 23, when he decided to lose weight. Tom successfully lost 50 pounds. Which of the following most likely happened to Tom’s fat cells? |
|
Definition
| They shrank in size but did not decrease in number |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the observed effects of sleep deprivation on leptin and ghrelin? |
|
Definition
| Leptin decreases while ghrelin increases |
|
|
Term
| A popular eating plan that promises quick weight loss is known as a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine? |
|
Definition
| The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary action of orlistat, a weight-loss drug? |
|
Definition
| It inhibits pancreatic lipase |
|
|
Term
| As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in men? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to |
|
Definition
| keep a record of your eating habits |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a characteristic of most fad diets? |
|
Definition
| They limit food choices, thereby reducing energy intake |
|
|
Term
| Jody is taking a nutrition class, and has been assigned to evaluate a popular diet plan. She finds a description of a plan for her assignment in a magazine at the grocery store. Which of the following statements in the magazine would suggest that this plan is an unsound, fad diet? |
|
Definition
| “Once you complete this 6-month plan, you’ll never have to diet again.” |
|
|
Term
| According to body mass index values, what fraction of the US adult population is considered overweight or obese? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the body mass index figures, what percentage of people aged 2-19 years are overweight or obese? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the quest for achieving desirable body weight, adults have control over all of the following EXCEPT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen is gender differences in |
|
Definition
| the activity of lipoprotein lipase |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following defines the body's set point? |
|
Definition
| point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight |
|
|
Term
| As a new assistant in a weight-loss research laboratory, you are given a tour of the mouse laboratory. Why is the leptin-deficient mouse much larger than its leptin-sufficient counterpart? |
|
Definition
| leptin deficiency enhances appetite and decreases energy expenditure |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a feature of physical inactivity and energy balance? |
|
Definition
| differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing, and moving account for about 350 kcalories per day |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of people in the United States who use nonprescription weight loss products have a normal weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To help prevent weight gain, the DRI suggests daily, moderately intense, physical activities totaling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a feature of nonprescription weight-loss products? |
|
Definition
| by law, all of them must explain the risks associated with their plans |
|
|
Term
| All of the following are characteristics of the results of weight-loss surgery EXCEPT |
|
Definition
| medical supervision in the post-surgery period is required only for the first 6 to 9 months |
|
|
Term
| The prescription drug phentermine acts by regulating the utilization of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a characteristic of liposuction? |
|
Definition
| within a year, body fat returns, primarily to the abdomen |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a characteristic of breakfast eating? |
|
Definition
| people who eat breakfast frequently have a lower BMI than breakfast skippers |
|
|
Term
| What is the best approach to weight loss? |
|
Definition
| reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure |
|
|
Term
| Approximately what percentage of US adults are classified as underweight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because obesity apparently has many causes, even in a single individual, the best approach seems to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bioavailability of a vitamin is not influenced by: |
|
Definition
| the cost of the food product. |
|
|
Term
| In order to minimize loss of vitamins during food preparation one might: |
|
Definition
| refrigerate fresh fruits and vegetables |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements is false with respect to fat-soluble vitamins? |
|
Definition
| no toxic effect can occur since they are typically excreted in the urine |
|
|
Term
| Alcoholics are at an increased risk to have a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms associated with riboflavin deficiency include: |
|
Definition
| cracks at the corners of the mouth. |
|
|
Term
| Biotin plays a critical factor in the metabolic pathway of which compound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which B vitamin coenzyme plays a role in the synthesis of heme, nucleic acids and lecithin? |
|
Definition
| pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) |
|
|
Term
| Which B vitamin is necessary for the conversion of vitamin B12 to an active coenzyme form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms associated with scurvy |
|
Definition
| can be resolved with adequate amounts of vitamin C. |
|
|
Term
| Flushing of the skin can be associated with the ingestion of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, what amino acid can be used by the body to synthesize niacin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a chief function of the B vitamins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT among the general characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The absorption of which of the following vitamins is most affected by the disorder atrophic gastritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy? |
|
Definition
| Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT among the common signs of pellagra? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome may be treated with supplements of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The chief symptoms of early vitamin B6 deficiency include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following characteristics is shared by vitamin B12 and folate? |
|
Definition
| Both are required for nucleic acid synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The protein that requires ascorbic acid for its formation is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your friend Jane just returned from the doctor, who diagnosed her with a specific vitamin B toxicity. However, she doesn’t recall the name of the vitamin. Which of the following is the only possible culprit associated with toxicity symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A deficiency of which of the following vitamins results in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Those groups of people who are at risk for developing marginal nutrient deficiencies and may benefit from taking vitamin supplements include: |
|
Definition
1)vegans
2)athletes who are engaged in intense competitive events.
3)people with low energy intakes, such as habitual dieters and the elderly.
4)women of childbearing age and pregnant women |
|
|
Term
| Why shouldn’t vitamin E supplements be taken for at least one week before surgery? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin E acts as a blood thinner and could lead to excessive bleeding |
|
|
Term
| The known dangers of taking vitamin supplements include all of the following EXCEPT |
|
Definition
| pathogenic bacterial overgrowth of the large intestines leading to increased risk of infection. |
|
|
Term
| There are certain groups of people that under certain circumstances should not take specific supplements. Identify which of the following is correct. |
|
Definition
All are correct:
a)Postmenopausal women should not take vitamin A supplements
b)Men and postmenopausal women should not take iron supplements
c)smokers should not take beta-carotene supplements |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following describes the basic function of a coenzyme? |
|
Definition
| Attaches to an enzyme and allows a chemical reaction to take place |
|
|
Term
| Biotin can be synthesized by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most likely reason for the development of a vitamin B12 deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The last stage of xerophthalmia is: |
|
Definition
| softening of the cornea that leads to irreversible blindness |
|
|
Term
| Over-consumption of beta-carotene in food products: |
|
Definition
| is associated with the skin turning yellow |
|
|
Term
| The first injection given to a newborn in the delivery room is vitamin: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin D deficiency often occurs in conjunction with _____ deficiency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What form of vitamin A supports vision but not growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissue contains the majority of the body’s store of vitamin A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Keratinization may result from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following compounds serves as the major precursor for the body’s synthesis of vitamin D? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A child with bowed legs is likely deficient in vitamin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following disorders may result from vitamin E deficiency in people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first detectable sign of vitamin A deficiency is usually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following can the body use to synthesize vitamin D? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is known to require vitamin K for its synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your old friend from high school has just moved to Northern Canada to do full-time research on bats in caves. She typically works in the caves during the day when the bats are there and leaves at sundown when the bats are active. Since your friend only purchases organic and all-natural foods, which of the following would you most likely advise she buy regularly at the grocery store? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Free radical damage can lead to: |
|
Definition
| the development of disease. |
|
|
Term
| The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Studies in developing countries have demonstrated that the mortality rate of children with measles can be significantly reduced by providing supplements of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are major sources of vitamin E in the diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what chief capacity does vitamin K function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Greg says that he usually eats 1 medium carrot every day to ensure that he’s consuming enough vitamin A. Today he said he didn’t eat any carrots and is worried that there is not enough vitamin A in his system. What would you say to Greg to allay his fear? |
|
Definition
| “Don’t worry; fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body. It takes a lot longer than one day to develop any adverse effects.” |
|
|
Term
| Approximately how many children worldwide have vitamin A deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a feature of Accutane? |
|
Definition
| It is known to cause birth defects when used by pregnant women |
|
|
Term
| In what system would the effects of a vitamin D deficiency be most readily observed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease? |
|
Definition
| It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D synthesis? |
|
Definition
| Dark-skinned people require longer sunlight exposure than light-skinned people to synthesize equivalent amounts of vitamin D |
|
|
Term
| Water that has a high calcium and magnesium content is termed: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) occurs in response to: |
|
Definition
| decreased extracellular volume |
|
|
Term
| Angiotensin acts in the body as a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In response to low serum sodium levels, the adrenal glands secrete: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a person experiences an acid-base disturbance, the first response typically seen is that the: |
|
Definition
| respiratory rate will increase. |
|
|
Term
| All of the following are mild symptoms of dehydration EXCEPT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum amount of water (mL) that must be excreted each day as urine in order to carry away the body’s waste products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does antidiuretic hormone function? |
|
Definition
| It stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys |
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone and renin each function to promote |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As far as is known, which of the following is NOT a process that directly involves calcium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the following are known to enhance calcium absorption from the GI tract EXCEPT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following does NOT play an important role in acid-base balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a person loses fluid by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The normal blood pH range is approximately |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the primary function of potassium? |
|
Definition
| As prinicpal intracellular cation it maintains fluid and electrolyte balance |
|
|
Term
| Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to |
|
Definition
| provide rigidity for the bones and teeth |
|
|
Term
| Barbara has been healthy up to the past couple of weeks, but since then has been complaining of considerable muscle weakness. Her doctor just received the results of blood tests, which showed that she is deficient in potassium. If Barbara continues her current habits of consuming a diet low in potassium, for which of the following disorders is she most likely to be at risk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tiffany is a strict vegan and does not consume calcium-rich plant foods nor supplements of calcium. Which of the following is most responsible for maintaining her blood calcium levels in the normal range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the majority of the body’s magnesium found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following ages (years) is typically associated with people having the densest bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following minerals is involved in the transportation of lipids through the body’s lymph and blood systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the following EXCEPT |
|
Definition
| production of red blood cells. |
|
|
Term
| Sulfur is present in practically all |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For optimal utilization of calcium supplements, it is best to take them several times a day, in doses up to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Habitual intake of soft water is most likely to aggravate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chief function of carbonic acid in the body? |
|
Definition
| helps maintain acid-base balance |
|
|
Term
| What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What amount of salt provides the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for sodium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much calcium (mg) would typically be absorbed by a normal adult with a calcium intake of 1,000mg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A friend shows you a newspaper article titled "Magnesium's Role in ATP Synthesis." You explain that |
|
Definition
| magnesium serves as a catalyst in the reaction that adds the last phosphate to ATP |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are correct regarding calcitonin's role in regulating blood calcium levels? |
|
Definition
1)Inhibits the activation of vitamin D
2)inhibits osteoclast cells from breaking down bone
3)Limits calcium absorption in the intestines |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a feature of sodium and health? |
|
Definition
| High sodium intake is known to promote calcium excretion |
|
|
Term
| What is the oxygen-carrying protein of muscle cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The name of the protein that is created to store excess iron that is well above the body’s needed amount is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chromium deficiency is characterized by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mineral plays a role in insulin release and thyroid hormone function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your cousin Emily is a vegetarian. Since you have just learned in your nutrition class that nonheme iron is absorbed less efficiently than heme iron, you want to make sure Emily is getting enough iron. What should you recommend Emily do to maximize her iron absorption? |
|
Definition
| Eat her nonheme iron sources with a glass of orange juice |
|
|
Term
| What possible effect can iodine toxicity have on pregnant women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following may result from iodine deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The selenium mineral deficiency disease associated with cardiomyopathy in the provinces of China is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a characteristic of iron transport? |
|
Definition
| Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| All of the following factors are known to enhance the absorption of iron except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is zinc primarily transported throughout the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is known to cause discolored enamel of the teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A woman with a severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may give birth to a child with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is found in the first stage of iron deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Iron stores decline, as assessed by serum ferritin |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT among the important roles for zinc? |
|
Definition
| Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| Deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mineral is critical to the synthesis of thyroid hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following individuals would most likely NOT need an iron supplement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the chief functions of chromium is participation in the metabolism of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The iron overload syndrome that is due to a genetic disorder is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your aunt Thelma has been anemic for some time and was recently shown to be deficient in copper. Which of the following explains the association of copper and anemia? |
|
Definition
| Copper is required for hemoglobin synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Fluoride deficiency is best known to lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As far as is known, what hormone is dependent upon chromium for optimal activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following represents the order of the stages of iron deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Iron stores decline; iron transport diminishes; hemoglobin synthesis falls |
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia results from iron deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Benefits of fitness include having: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The importance of cooling down after exercise is that it helps to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The benefits of cardiorespiratory conditioning include: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a property of conditioned muscles? |
|
Definition
| they can store more glycogen |
|
|
Term
| Which activity pattern would help to improve muscle strength? |
|
Definition
| high-resistance activity with a low number of repetitions |
|
|
Term
| Which activity pattern would help to improve muscle endurance? |
|
Definition
| low-resistance activity with many repetitions |
|
|
Term
| Overhydration of fluids during a sporting activity without replacement of electrolytes can lead to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person engaged in physically active work in hot, humid weather and who wears a rubber suit to promote weight loss is at high risk of experiencing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following components of training define(s) the progressive overload principle? |
|
Definition
| Intensity, frequency, and duration only |
|
|
Term
| A muscle that increases in size in response to use is an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The duration of exercise warm-up and cool-down periods should be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the predominant fuel used by muscle cells during low- or moderate-intensity activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What substance contains the chemical energy that drives immediate muscle contraction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in the liver that regenerates glucose from lactate released by muscles |
|
|
Term
| What cellular organelles are responsible for producing ATP aerobically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the immediate postexercise period, what type of diet enhances muscle protein synthesis? |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrate plus protein |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of heat stroke? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sports drinks begin to provide an advantage over plain water for athletes when their exercise periods first exceed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as “hitting the wall,” what nutrient is most likely depleted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may, in part, account for the reduced risk of gallbladder disease in many people who engage in regular physical activity? |
|
Definition
| reduction of blood lipids |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of U.S. adults lives a completely sedentary lifestyle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The normal resting pulse rate (beats per minute) for adults is approximately |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pat has gained about 20 pounds in the past 5 years and has come to you for help with a diet and exercise regimen. In order to promote optimal fat loss through exercise, in which of the following activities should Pat participate? |
|
Definition
| low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise like hiking |
|
|
Term
| During physical performance, what is the role of creatine phosphate? |
|
Definition
| transfer of energy to make ATP |
|
|
Term
| Your friend Bob, who engages in endurance exercise throughout the week, is concerned that his protein intake is inadequate and asks what type of protein supplement he should take. You assure him that |
|
Definition
| he most likely already gets more protein from his regular diet than he needs, even for endurance activity |
|
|
Term
| In the endurance athlete, the first priority of nutrient repletion should be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can water loss from the body be quickly estimated at the end of a physical activity? |
|
Definition
| take the difference in body weight (lbs) before and after the event and multiply by 2 to determine cups of water loss |
|
|
Term
| Vascular plaque formation in the body occurs as a result of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following findings would be expected in individuals who have cardiac disease? |
|
Definition
| elevated C-reactive protein levels |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiac disease? |
|
Definition
| family history of cardiac disease |
|
|
Term
| Which lipid pattern would help to lessen the potential effects of atherosclerosis? |
|
Definition
| High HDL, low LDL and low triglycerides |
|
|
Term
| Which complication is not consistent with the progression of diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beverly is a 48-year-old woman with a strong family history of atherosclerosis. She eats a diet high in fat, smokes, and doesn’t exercise much because she typically works 12-hour days. Beverly visits her doctor because she has recently been having chest pains. Her doctor suspects she is at risk for a heart attack. Which of the following would be the most definitive predictor of this suspicion? |
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Definition
| C-reactive protein concentrations |
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Term
| The inflammatory response of atherosclerosis weakens the walls of the arteries and may cause abnormal bulging of a blood vessel wall which is called an ________. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When blood flow to the brain is restricted this causes |
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Definition
| a transient ischemic attack |
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Term
| Which of the following is true regarding risk factors for CHD? |
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Definition
All of these are true
1)abdominal obesity and physical inactivity significantly increase ris for CHD
2)The higher blood pressure is above normal, the greater the risk of heart disease
3)At every age men have a greater risk of CHD than women do |
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Term
| Which of the following is true regarding type 1 diabetes? |
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Definition
| It is an autoimmune disorder in which individual inherits a defect that causes immune cells to mistakenly attack and destroy the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas |
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Term
| Being obese is known to increase the probabilities of contracting all of the following diseases EXCEPT |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The most common form of cardiovascular disease is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot that broke away from arterial plaque is termed |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following blood pressure readings signifies a diagnosis of hypertension? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What disease accounts for the majority of deaths in US women? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the best predictor for risk of a stroke? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How does obesity increase the risk for developing hypertension? |
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Definition
| Obesity is associated with altered kidney function and fluid retention leading to higher blood pressure |
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Term
| People who use diuretics are most at risk of developing imbalances of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A person who hasn't consumed anything except water for the past 8 hours has a blood glucose concentration of 101 mg/dL. This person would be classified as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the primary reason for increased urine output in uncontrolled diabetes? |
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Definition
| high levels of blood glucose spill into the urine, drawing water with it by osmosis |
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Term
| A complication of diabetes is blurry vision, which results from swelling of the lenses of the eye caused by conversion of excess glucose to |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In the development of plaque, what is thought to be responsible for oxidation of LDL cholesterol during the inflammatory phase? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Insulin resistance is defined as |
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Definition
| reduced sensitivity of cells to blood insulin |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT among the adverse effects of diabetes? |
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Definition
| increased resistance to infections |
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Term
| Which of the following is at the least risk of developing a foodborne illness? |
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Definition
| an adult who washes his hands prior to food preparation |
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Term
| While unpacking your groceries you come upon a can that is dented and has slight bulging at the ends. What potential problem would you expect? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| An easy way to prevent possible food contamination when preparing meats is to: |
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Definition
| cook meat to an internal temperature of 160 degrees F. |
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Term
| Which of the following is one of the top two causes of hospitalizations from foodborne infections in the U.S.? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT among the most common symptoms of foodborne infection? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the recommended minimum amount of time for washing hands with warm water and soap before preparing or eating food? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A few years ago a foodborne illness outbreak was reported by a national restaurant chain. After dozens of people were infected, authorities determined that employees of the restaurant had used the same knife to cut raw meat products as they did for produce items such as lettuce. Which of the following terms most likely describes the employees’ neglect that led to the patrons of the restaurant becoming ill? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following foods are associated with illness from Salmonella? |
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Definition
| Raw meats, poultry, and eggs |
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Term
| You work part-time at a local diner and have noticed that there are a few questionable practices going on behind closed doors. An older employee tells you that the worst of these oversights is the workers’ disregard for the “danger” zone. Which of the following applies to this employee’s warning? |
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Definition
| Keeping beef patties on a warm grill (135°F) for up to 3 hours |
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Term
| Which of the following is the most appropriate method to thaw turkey? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The increase in the concentration of contaminants in the tissues of animals high on the food chain is termed |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why is ground meat more susceptible to microbial contamination than unground meat? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of raw oyster consumption? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the safe refrigerator storage time for uncooked steaks, cooked chicken, opened packages of lunch meats, and tuna salad? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of mercury in nutrition? |
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Definition
| larger fish have less muscle mercury due to the dilutional effect of size |
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Term
| Approximately what percentage of the vegetables and fruits consumed in the United States are imported? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT among the common antioxidant agents used by food processors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately what percentage of the world's population experiences persistent hunger? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Limited or doubtful availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods is termed food |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of poverty and hunger? |
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Definition
| the poor prefer to purchase energy-dense foods despite their higher cost compared with vegetables |
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Term
| Melissa works two jobs to support her three children. Her financial priorities are to pay the rent and utilities and provide food and medical necessities for the children. Melissa does not often eat three meals a day and worries about how and where she will get the next meal for herself. Melissa is experiencing which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately what percentage of the world's food supply outside of the home is wasted? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| As a church volunteer, you propose implementation of a food recovery program. Which of the following would NOT be a part of your proposal to the church board of directors? |
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Definition
| collect applications for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program to provide for any member or non-member of the church requesting assistance |
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Term
| What is the average monthly benefit for a recipient of SNAP? |
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Definition
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Term
| As you sit in the waiting room of a doctor's office leafing through a magazine, you see a letter to the editor about world hunger. In it, the author takes issue with a statement made in a previous issue that stated, " ...and thus, hunger worsens poverty..." The letter writer claims that this statement is completely unfounded and has no reasoning behind it. Does hunger worsen poverty? |
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Definition
| Yes, hunger makes poverty worse by robbing a person of the good health and the physical and mental energy needed to be active and productive |
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Term
|
Definition
| a neighborhood having limited access to nutritious and affordable foods |
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Term
| The nutrients most likely to be lacking in the diet worldwide include all of the following EXCEPT |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is meant by carrying capacity of the earth? |
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Definition
| the maximum number of living organsims that can be supported in an environment over time |
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Term
| What is the chief reason why people living in poverty and hunger bear numerous children? |
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Definition
| only a small percentage of the children may survive to adulthood |
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Term
| Approximately what number of children worldwide die each year of malnutrition and malnutrition-related causes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Diseases of poverty are known to include all of the following EXCEPT |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT characteristic of marasmus? |
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Definition
| affects brain development only minimally |
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Term
| You are reading a case study from a researcher at World University. The researcher has traveled to the largest city in India and is reporting on an illness present in a 15 month old boy. The researcher described the child as extremely thin and bony, with wrinkled skin and enlarged fatty liver. For the past year, this child has subsisted almost entirely on diluted cereal drink. Your first thought is that all of these observations are characteristic of marasmus except for the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| If the world's production of food energy were equally distributed among the world's population, approximately how many kcalories per day would be available to each person? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is a feature of common worldwide agricultural practices? |
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Definition
| they tend to support the use of pesticides and fertilizers |
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Term
| The components of energy metabolism, listed from the highest proportion to the lowest proportion, are: |
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Definition
| basal metabolism, physical activities, and thermic effect of food. |
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Term
| Which of the following lowers the basal metabolic rate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A person tells you that she has recently been told that she is overweight. In terms of BMI values, in what range would you expect her calculated BMI to reside? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| An index of a person’s weight in relation to height is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake after consuming a very large meal is an example of behavior known as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following defines central obesity? |
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Definition
| Storage of excess fat around the trunk of the body |
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Term
| Health risks associated with being underweight include |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Jim is a 45 year old who eats fast food at least 3 times a week and smokes a pack of cigarettes each day. He just had a physical examination and was told that his body mass index is 24. In what category would Jim’s BMI be classified? |
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Definition
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Term
| Jenny is 34 years old and has a BMI of 28. Her body type could be described as “pear-like.” John is 55 years old with a BMI of 28, and a body type that is “apple-like.” Why is John more likely than Jenny to be at risk for degenerative diseases? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| All of the following are characteristic of neuropeptide Y EXCEPT |
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Definition
|
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Term
| A high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed |
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Definition
|
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Term
| There is a high risk of obesity-related health problems when a man’s waist circumference begins to exceed |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What term best describes a failure of the body’s cells to respond to secretion of insulin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Inflammation is characterized by an increase in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following may best explain the relationship between excess body fat and higher risk for cancers of the female reproductive system? |
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Definition
| Excess body fat produces more estrogen, which may promote tumor development |
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Term
| The feeling of satisfaction resulting from consumption of a meal is termed |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the most satiating nutrient? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| About how long does it take for a meal to be completely eliminated from the stomach? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following hormones is most responsible for signaling satiety as well as reducing food intake during a meal? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The brain chemical neuropeptide Y is known to specifically enhance the craving or |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the range of body fat content for normal-weight men 20-39 years of age? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the range of body fat content for normal-weight women? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the approximate body mass index of a woman who is 5'5" and 125 lbs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ____________ is second only to ______________ in causing premature deaths. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Ben is worried that his family history of heart disease and his BMI of 28 are putting him at very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. What would a clinician advise Ben to help lower his risk? |
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Definition
| lose weight as this can lower both blood cholesterol and blood pressure |
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