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chem 121
exam 2
26
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2011

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
molar mass
Definition

Adding totall atomic masses together

 

Example

CO2

Add Atomic mass of carbon to 2 x the atomic mass of oxygen

Term
Percent Composition
Definition

Find atomic mass of all elements then divide Mass of each element by the total

Example

 

NaCl=

Atomic mass of Na or Cl


Total atomic mass of NaCl

 

 

Term
What is a mole?
Definition

number of atoms

Basically whatever a compounds mass is=1mole

6.022 x 1023

Term

Finding the number of particles

 

 

Definition

Mass To Moles

And then 

Moles To Particles (avagadros number)

 

Term
Empirical Formula
Definition

Convert Grams to moles and then divide answers by smallest answer

 

2.23 g C= .0507 mol

1.37 g H= .152 mol

Divide both by .0507

C=1

H=3

Term
Molecular Formula
Definition

Find molecular mass of each compounds added together then take given variable and divide the largest of the two by the smallest. take solutions and times formula by that.

Example

Molecular mass of vitamin c is about 180, what is the molecular formula?

C3H4O3= total mass is 88

180/88=2.0

2 x C3H4O3= C6H8O6


 

Term

Solution

Definition

Definition
Homogenous mixture of two or more substances
Term

Solute and Solvent

of a Solution

Definition

Solute

The substance with the smaller amount

 

Solvent

The substance with the larger amount

Term

Abbreviations

(s) (l) (g) (aq)

Definition

(s)

Solid

(l)

Liquid

(g)

Gas

(aq)

Aqueous

Term
Solutions with electrolytes
Definition
Contain metals and non metals. Salts are always strong 
Term

Solutions Without

Electrolytes

Definition
Composed of gasses
Term
Precipitate
Definition

Solid

Occurs in an aqueous solution, results in an insoluble product

Term
Spectator ions
Definition

Ions from mixed solutions that do nothing.

Can be cancelled from both sides of the equation

Term
How weak and strong acids dissociate in water
Definition

Weak

dissociate very little

 

Strong

Dissociate completely creating lots of H+ ions

Term
How weak and strong bases dissociate in water
Definition

Weak

Dissociate very little

 

Strong

Dissociate completely creating lots of OH- ions

Term

Acid 

general properties

Definition

Taste sour

examples: vinegar and lemon juice

dissociate in water to release H+

Term

Base

General Properties

Definition

Taste bitter

Feel slippery

examples: ammonia, drano, lye

Dissociate in water to release OH(hydroxide ion)

Term
Arrhenius definition of acid
Definition

acid is a substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ion, H+(aq).

Example:

H2O4

When broken apart it releases more H

Term
Arrhenius definition of a base
Definition

A base is a substance that when added to water increases the concentration of hydroxide ion, OH-(aq).

Example:

NaOH

When broken apart it releases OH

Term
Polyprotic acids
Definition
Contain more than one proton that may be removed by reaction with a base. These acids are often referred to as diprotic, supplying two protons, triprotic, supplying three protons
Term
H3O+
Definition
Hydronium
Term
OH-
Definition
Hydroxide
Term
Dillution equation
Definition
m1v1=m2v2
Term
Ideal gas law
Definition

P(atm)V(liters)=nR(liters atmospheres per mole kelvin)T(Kelvin)

(Pressure)(Volume)=(number of moles)(Gas constant)(Temperature)

Has to include 

 

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