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Definition
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| classifications of matter |
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Definition
Physical state- (solid, liquid, gas, plasma)
pure substance or mixture
chemical composition |
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Definition
| set of steps used to test a theory |
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Definition
1) observation
2) hypothesis
3)experiment
4) theory
5) further experiment |
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Definition
step 1 of scientific method
natural phenomenon and measured events.
universally consistent. |
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Definition
step 2 of scientific method
tentative proposal that explains observations |
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Definition
step 3 of SM
procedure to test a hypothesis.
tests only 1 variable |
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Definition
set of assumptions that explains the data from experiments.
predicts related phenomenon |
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Definition
step 5 of sm
test predictions made by theory |
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Term
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Definition
unit of measure for luminous intensity
symbol cd |
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Term
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Definition
| unit of measure for electric currant |
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Term
| Law of Conservation of Mass: |
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Definition
| The total mass of substances does not change during a chemical reaction. |
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Term
| Law of Definite (or Constant) Composition: |
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Definition
| No matter what its source, a particular chemical compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts (fractions) by mass. |
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Term
| Law of Multiple Proportions: |
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Definition
| If elements A and B react to form two compounds, the different masses of B that combine with a fixed mass of A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers. |
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Term
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Definition
atoms of an element with the same
number of protons, but a different number
of neutrons |
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Definition
| total mass of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
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Definition
| a weighted average over the natural abundances of its isotopes: |
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Definition
| crater of the periodic table in 1871 |
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Definition
| Elements form a recurring pattern of physical and chemical properties |
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Definition
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Definition
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| elements in a group (same column) |
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Definition
| elements that behave very similarly |
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Definition
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Term
| 2A – Alkaline earth metals |
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Definition
| reactive, form oxides, salts (e.g. CaCO3) |
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Definition
| oxygen-like (chalk formers) |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Periodic table - Staircase |
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Definition
| divides metals (left) from non-metals (right) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| top right hand side (don’t conduct electricity) |
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Definition
| at interface (mainly semiconductors) |
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Definition
| consist of 2 or more atoms tightly bound together |
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Term
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Definition
a molecule with 2 or more different atoms
ex. H2O |
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Term
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Definition
describes which atoms are in molecule
& in what proportion |
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Definition
| actual numbers of each atom O2, H2O, H2O2 |
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Definition
| only relative # of atoms, O, H2O, HO |
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Definition
| shows actual atoms and bonds H-O-O-H, O=C=O |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
The charged particle formed when an atom (or group
of atoms) loses or gains one or more electrons |
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Term
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Definition
elements that lose electrons
become positively charged |
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Definition
gain electrons
become negatively charged |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Tend to form crystals.
Difficult to isolate as individual molecules.
use empirical formula |
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Definition
Commonly found as individual molecules.
Tend to form gases, liquids and waxy solids.
use chemical formula (exact). |
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Definition
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Definition
| a counting unit for objects-atoms, molecules, ions, etc. |
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