Term
| Chemistry is the study of what? |
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Definition
Matter and the changes matter undergoes.
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Term
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Definition
| the stuff that make up all things |
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Term
| What are the three states of matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the properties of a gas? |
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Definition
indefinite shape
indefinite volume
particles widely separated
particles moving rapidly |
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Term
| What are the properties of the liquid state? |
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Definition
indefinite shape
fixed volume
particles in close contact
particles(or cluster of particles) can move past one another |
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Term
| What is a pure substance? |
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Definition
| a substance that contains only one kind of matter with a specific composition |
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Term
| What can a pure substance be? |
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Definition
an element when composed of one type of atom
a compound when composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio |
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Term
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Definition
| pure substances that contain one type of atom |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest unit of matter that has a chemical identity |
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Term
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Definition
| a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms in definite ratios |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more atoms bonded together to form a unit with a distinct shape |
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Term
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Definition
| Combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity |
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Term
| What is a homogenous mixture? |
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Definition
| the composition is uniform throught and the different parts are not visible |
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Term
| what kind of mixture is a solution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a heterogenous mixture? |
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Definition
The composition is not uniform
the different parts are visible
the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another |
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Term
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Definition
| where solid substances are seperated from liquids and solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| uses the boiling points of substances to seperate a homogenous mixture into its components |
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Term
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Definition
| seperates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent |
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Term
| how are physical properties observed? |
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Definition
| they are observed without changing the identity and composition of a substance |
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Term
| How are chemical properties observed? |
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Definition
| can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance |
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Term
| What are intensive properties? |
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Definition
properties independent of how much substance there is
Ex: density, boiling point, color |
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Term
| What are extensive properties? |
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Definition
dependent on the amount of substance present
Ex:mass, volume, energy |
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Term
| What are physical changes? |
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Definition
| changes in matter that do not change the composition of the substance. |
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Term
| What are chemical changes? |
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Definition
| chemical changes that result in new substances |
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Term
| What is a metal classified as on the periodic table of elements? |
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Definition
shiny, ductile, and malleable
solid at room temperature
good conductors of heat and electricity |
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Term
| What are nonmetals classified as on the periodic table of elements? |
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Definition
dull,brittle, and poor conductors
gases at room temp except for Br Hg
good insulators |
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Term
| What are metalloids clasified as on the periodic table of elements? |
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Definition
better conductors than nonmetals but not as good as metals
used as semiconductors and insulators |
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Term
| What happens when atoms of metals react with nonmetals? |
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Definition
| lose electrons to form cations |
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Term
| what happens when nonmetals react with metals? |
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Definition
| they gain electrons to form anions |
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Term
| What happens when nonmetals react with other nonmetals? |
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Definition
| they share electrons to form covalent bonds |
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Term
| What are diatonic elements and which ones are they? |
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Definition
nonmetallic elements that are more stable if they bond with another atom of the same element.
I2,Br2,Cl2,F2,O2,N2,H2 |
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Term
| What is the scientific method? |
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Definition
| a process used by scientists to learn more about nature and natural phenomena |
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Term
| What does the scientific method involve? |
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Definition
make observations
formulate hypothesis
do experiments
propose theories |
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Term
| What is a scientific law? |
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Definition
| a statement summarizing observations that are consistently made in nature or in the lab |
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Term
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Definition
| an unsupported statement that explains the observation |
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Term
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Definition
| procedures that test a hypothesis or theory |
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Term
| what is a scientific theory? |
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Definition
| a tested explanation for a set of phenomena |
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Term
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Definition
abbreviation
M
Meaning
106 |
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Term
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Definition
Abbreviation
k
Meaning
103 |
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Term
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Definition
Abbreviation
c
Meaning
10-2 |
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Term
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Definition
Abbreviation
m
Meaning
10-3 |
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Term
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Definition
Abbreviation
µ
Meaning
10-6 |
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Term
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Definition
Abbreviation
n
Meaning
10-9 |
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Term
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Definition
| the proximity of several measurements to each other or the fineness of a measurement |
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Term
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Definition
| The proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity |
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Term
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Definition
| Any charateristic that is used to recognize a type of matter and to distinguish matter from other matter |
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Term
| What is the law of constant composition? |
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Definition
| law stating that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same |
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Term
| How many meters in a kilometer? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many millimeters in a meter? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many millimeters in a centimeter? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many milliliters in a liter? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many milliliters in a decaliter? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does one milliliter equal? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many grams in a kilogram? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many milligrams in a gram? |
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Definition
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