Term
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Definition
| Democritus coined the term atomos, meaning: |
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Term
| Number of valence electrons |
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Definition
| Elements in the same group of the peridoic table have the same: |
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| What state of matter has particles farthest apart? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which state of matter is characterized by particles that are far apart and moving randomly? |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is most of the mass of an atom found? |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following is not matter?
A. A pen
B. A notebook
C. The person sitting next to you
D. Your professor's lecture |
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Term
| C. 2H and 3H are isotopes of hydrogen |
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Definition
Which of hte following is true about 2H and 3H?
A. 2H is a molecule containing 2 atoms of hydrogen, and 3H is a molecule containing 3 atoms of hydrogen
B. 2H has two neutron and 3H has tree
C. 2H and 3H are isotopes of hydrogen
D. 2H and 3H are the most common forms of hyrdrogen found in nature |
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Term
| A. 35 protons, 35 neutrons, and 35 electrons |
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Definition
Which of the following would be the isotope bromine- 70? An atom with:
A. 35 protons, 35 neutrons, and 35 electrons
B. 34 protons, 36 neutrons, and 34 electrons
C. 33 protons, 37 neutrons, and 33 electrons
D. 35 protons, 70 neutrons, and 35 electrons |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following elements has the largest number of protons?
A. Fe
B. Sn
C. H
D. O |
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Term
| B. Oil-and-Vinegar salad dressing |
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Definition
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
A. Apple Juice
B. Oil-and-vinegar salad dressing
C. Milk
D. Mayonnaise |
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Term
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Definition
Which shorthand represents a carbon atom with 7 neutrons?
A. 13
C
6
B. 6
C
13
C. 7
C
6
D. 6
C
7 |
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Term
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Definition
Most of the elements in the periodic table are:
A. Semiconductors
B. Metals
C. Radioactive
D. Gasses |
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Term
| B. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of protons. |
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Definition
Which of the following statements are false?
A. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons.
B. Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of protons.
C. Atoms of the same element can have different mass numbers.
D. Atoms of two different elements can have the same number of neutrons. |
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Term
| C. A pond freezing over in the winter |
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Definition
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
A. Firewood burning
B. Hydrogen combining with oxygen
C. A pond freezing over in the winter
D. Fireworks going off |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ is the study of matter, the physical substance of all materials, and its transformations. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. |
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Term
| Pure substance or mixture |
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Definition
| Matter can exist as either ____ or ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ____ contains a single type of particle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ____ contains more than one substance combined together. |
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Term
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Definition
| One type of pure substance, called ____, contains only a single type of atom. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of pure substance, ____, which contains two or more different types of atoms linked together. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture whose components intermingle so that they are virtually indistinguishable. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture in which the individual components are obvious because they do not intermingle |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the principle states of matter? |
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Term
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Definition
| In general, the particles in a ___ are farther apart than the particles in a solid but closer together than the particles in a gas. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ have a definite volume and shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ have a definite volume but no definite shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ have neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. |
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Term
| Physical change and Chemical Change |
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Definition
| Transformations of matter include both ___ change and ____ change. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ changes include changes in state, such as melting, freezing, boiling, and condensing. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ changes involve the creation of new substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ are the building blocks of all matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ are the smallest units that retain the characteristics of an element. |
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Term
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Definition
| There are about ______ different elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms link to other atoms to form ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| _______ is the simplest unit of many compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| The _____ is used to organize the elements by recurring chemical properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elements in teh same vertical column of the periodic table have similar chemical properties and are said to be in the same ______ |
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Term
Metals = generally on the left
Nonmetals = right-hand side
Semi-metals = between the metals and nonmetals |
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Definition
| The ___ are generally located on the left hand side of the periodic table, the __- are on the right-hand side, and the ___ are between the two mentioned above. |
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Term
Positive protons
Neutral neutrons
negative electrons |
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Definition
| Atoms are composed of positively charged ____, neutral ____, and negatively charged _____ |
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Term
| Protons and neutrons have similar masses whereas electrons have a much smaller mass |
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Definition
| ____ and ___ have similar masses, whereas ___ have a much smaller mass |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of protons in an element is the _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| All atoms with the same number of ____ are from teh same element |
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Term
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Definition
| The mass number is equal to the number of ___ plus the number of ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| The ____ can vary among different atoms of the same element. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ of the same element have the same number of protons but diff in the number of neutrons. They therefore have different mass numbers. |
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Term
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Definition
| After ___ discovered the electron, the proposed the plum pudding model of the atom, in which teh electrons are embedded in a sphere of positive charge. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ disproved the plum pudding model in his landmark experiment. he proposed a new atomic model that had all of the positive charge andmost of the mass inside a tiny central nucleus and the electrons outside the nucleus. |
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Term
| Electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| When energized, atoms emit different wavelengths of _____ that are characteristic of each element. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ used the fact that different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are emitted when elements are energized to propose a new model for the atom. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the solar system model, electrons circle the nucleus in orbits, which are also called ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| Atoms normally exist in the _____, with electrons in the lowest energy levels possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| An electron can "jump" from lower energy levels to higher ones upon absorbing energy, creating _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the electron returns to its original energy level, energy is ____ |
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Term
| Electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| Because different atoms have different gaps between the energy levels, different atoms vary in the ______ of the electromagnetic radiation they release upon return to the ground state. |
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Term
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Definition
| _______ represent a volume of space where the electrons can be found. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bohr's orbits were later replaced with ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| Each energy level has a defined set of _____, the number of which varies depending on the energy level |
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Term
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Definition
| The arrangement of electrons in orbitals is the _____ of an atom, which determines the chemistry of an atom. |
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Term
| Electrons fill the lower energy levels first |
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Definition
To determine the electronic configuration of an atom, count up the number of electrons and then assign them to orbitals based on the following guidline:
Electrons fill the ____ levels first |
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Term
| An orbital holds no more than two electrons. |
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Definition
To determine the electronic configuration of an atom, count up the number of electrons and then assign them to orbitals based on the following guidline:
An orbiatl holds no more than _____ electrons. |
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Term
| Electrons spread out among orbitals of equal energy rather than doubling up. |
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Definition
To determine the electronic configuration of an atom, count up the number of electrons and then assign them to orbitals based on the following guidline:
Electrons spread out among orbitals ______ rather than doubling up. |
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Term
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Definition
| The highest occupied energy level. |
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Term
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Definition
| The highest occupied energy level (the outer shell) contains the ________, which determine the chemistry of an atom |
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