Term
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Definition
| O2, N2, H2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 |
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Term
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Definition
atomic number,
number of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| mass number - atomic number |
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Term
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Definition
Start with H always
Oxyacids and binary acids |
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Term
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Definition
Contain oxygen
named with no hydro
-ate → -ic acid
-ite → -ous acid |
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Term
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Definition
Hydrogen plus a nonmetal (only 2)
named with hydro- + nonmetal + -ic acid |
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Term
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Definition
1km = 1000m
1Mm = 1,000,000m
1dm = 0.1m
1cm = 0.01m
1mm = 0.001m
1µm = 0.000001m |
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Term
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Definition
metal + nonmetal + -ide
Potassium Oxide |
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Term
| Naming Covelent Compounds |
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Definition
nonmetal + nonmetal + -ide with prefixes depending on subscript
H2O = dihydrogen monoxide |
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Term
| Naming with transition metals |
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Definition
transition metal + nonmetal + -ide
find charge of transition metal and place in parenthesis after it
Fe2O3 = Iron(III) Oxide |
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Term
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Definition
%yield = actual yield
theoretical yield x 100
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ionize completely
salts(ionic compounds) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| exchange reaction that makes an insoluable precipitate |
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Term
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Definition
| Full equation without ion breakdown |
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Term
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Definition
| full equation with ionic breakdown |
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Term
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Definition
| equation with ionic breakdown and no spectator ions |
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Term
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Definition
neutrilization
has acid and base on left and makes salt(ionic) and water |
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Term
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Definition
| aqueous solutions and one product is always a gas |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(just to look over)
HF, HCl, HBr, HI, H2S, HNO3, HNO2, HClO, H2SO3 |
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Term
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Definition
(just to look over)
NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, LiOH |
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Term
| Oxydation-Reduction (Redox) reactions |
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Definition
always a transfer in electrons, atoms that gain charge are oxydized and atoms that lose charge are reduced
(charges of free atoms and polyatomics are 0) |
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Term
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Definition
| energy released, always an O in the reactant |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure is inversely proportional to Volume |
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Term
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Definition
| Volume is proportional to temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Volume is proportional to mols |
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Term
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Definition
spaces around the nucleus occupied by electrons
s,p,d,f,g,h,i... |
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Term
| Order for writing ground state |
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Definition
1s loop around from top to get order
2s 2p it ends up being 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p,
3s 3p 3d 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p...
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f 5g
6s 6p 6d 6f 6g 6h |
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Term
| abbreviating ground state |
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Definition
| use the preceding noble gas and then list orbitals that follow until number of electrons is reached |
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Term
| Aufbau's building up principle |
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Definition
| lower energy orbitals are filled first |
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Term
| Pauli's exclusion principle |
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Definition
| opposite spins of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| electrons enter 1 at a time before pairing |
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Term
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Definition
highest at bottom left
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
top right is highest
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
top right is highest
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
bottom left is highest
[image] |
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Term
| octet rule and exceptions |
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Definition
all want 8
H only wants 2
Br and B can have less as central
Period 3 and down can have more as central
all terminal must have 8 |
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Term
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Definition
uneven sharing of electrons
decided by electonegativity
top right is most polar
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of atom to attract electron pairs toward itself in a covelent bond |
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Term
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Definition
charge of each element in molecule found with lewis structure
added to find charge of molecule |
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Term
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Definition
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
want to be as far away as possible in arrangement |
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Term
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Definition
symmetrical (and no lone pairs) makes it nonpolar
any lone pairs makes it polar |
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Term
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Definition
sp = linear
sp2 = trigonal planar
sp3 = tetrahedral
sp3d = trigonal bipyramidal
sp3d2 = octrahedral |
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Term
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Definition
| kind of interaction depends on whether orbitals align along axis between nuclei or outside the axis |
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Term
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Definition
| + ions are always smaller than - ions |
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Term
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Definition
| at least one unpaired electron |
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