Pa or Pascal (1 N/m²) = 101, 325

Pounds per square inch or psi = 14.7

Torr (1 mmHg) = 760

Inches of Mercury or in Hg = 29.2

Atmosphere or atm = 1

Pressure (P)

Volume (V)

Temperature (T)

Moles (m)

An increase in volume or pressure results in a decrease of the opposite.

Constant: Temp. & moles

P₁V₁₌P₂V₂

Constant: P & n

V₁/T₁=V₂/T₂

When gas in a sample increases at constant temperature and pressure, its volume increases in direct proportion because the greater # of gas particles fill more space.

Constant: T & P

V₁/n₁=V₂/n₂

The volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas.

P = atm

V = L

Moles = mol

Temperature = K

Standard Temperature = 273 degrees

Standard Pressure = 1 atm

Standard Rate = 0.0821

Standard Volume = 22.4 L

molar mass.

The greater the molar mass, the more dense the gas.

Density (d = PM / RT)

Nitrogen (N₂) = 78%

Oxygen (O₂) = 21%

Argon (Ar) = 0.9%

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) = 0.04%

(P_n)

Pressure due to any individual component in a gas mixture.

The sum of the partial pressure of the components in a gas mixture must equal the total pressure. (P_total)

X_a = n_a / n_total

number of moles of a component in a mixture divided by the total number of moles in the mixture

1.) The size of a particle is negligibly small.

2.) The average kinetic energy of a particle is proportional to the temp. in kelvins.

3.) The collision of one particle with another is completely elastic

Boyle's Law

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Charles's Law

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Avogadro's Law

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Dalton's Law

Kinetic Molecular Theory

The energy associated with the relative positions of electrons and nuclei in atoms and molecules.

Also a form of potential energy.

1 calorie (cal) = 4.184 J

1 Calorie (Cal or kcal) = 4184 J

1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.60x10⁶ J

-If the reactants have a higher internal energy than the products, deltaE_sys is negative and energy flows out of the system into the surroundings.

-If the reactants have a lower internal energy than the products, deltaE_sys is positive and energy flows into the system from the surroundings.

1.) It's dependent on the amount of matter being heated.

2.) Water is more resistant to temperature change than steel.

deltaH_rxn

Extensive Property

1.) If a chemical equation is multiplied by some factor, then deltaH_rxn is also multiplied by the same factor.

2.) If a chemical equation is reversed, then deltaH_rxn changes sign.

3.) If a chemical equation can be expressed as the sum of a series of steps, then deltaH_rxn for the overall equation is the sum of the heats of reactions for each step.