Term
| any behavior or emotional state that causes a person great suffering, is elf-destructive, seriously impairs the person's ability to work or get along with others, or endangers or or the community |
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Definition
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Term
| psychological tests used to infer a person's motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of the person's interpretations of ambiguous stimului |
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Definition
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Term
| psychological tests used to infer a person's motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of the person's interpretations of ambiguous stimului |
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Definition
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Term
| a projective personality test that requires respondents to interpret abstract, symmetrical inkblots |
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Definition
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Term
| standardized objective questionairres requiring written responses, they typically include scales on which people are asked to rate themselves |
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Definition
| objective tests (inventories) |
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Term
| a widely used objective personality test |
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Definition
| minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) |
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Term
| a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension |
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Definition
| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Term
| an axiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving of the trauma, and increased physiological arousal |
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Definition
| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Term
| an axiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, periods of intense fear, and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by phsyiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness |
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Definition
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Term
| an exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situtation, activity, or object |
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Definition
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Term
| a set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person |
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Definition
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Term
| an aziety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and reptitive, rituatlized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety |
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Definition
| obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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Term
| a mood disorder involving distrubances in emotion (excessive sadness), behavior (loss of interst in ones usual activties), cognition (thoughts of hopelessness), and body function (fatigue and loss of appetite) |
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Definition
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Term
| a mood disorder in which episodes of both depression and mania (excessive euphoria) occur |
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Definition
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Term
| approaches that emphasize how individual vulnerabilites (e.g. in genes or personality traits) interact with external stresses or circumstances to produce mental disorders |
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Definition
| vulnerability stress models |
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Term
| rigid personality patterns that cause personal distress or an inability to get along with others |
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Definition
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Term
| a disorder characterized by unreasonable excessive suspiciousness and mistrust, and irrational feelings of being persecuted by others |
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Definition
| paranoid personality disorder |
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Term
| a disorder characterized by an exaggerated sense of self importance and self absorption |
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Definition
| narcissistic personality disorder |
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Term
| a disorder characterized by antisocial behavior such as lying, stealing manipulating others, and sometimes violence; and a lack of guilt, shame, and empathy |
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Definition
| antisocial personality disorder (APD) |
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Term
| a controversial disorder marked by the apparent appearnce within one person of two or more distinct personalities each with its own name and traits; commonly known as multiple personality disorder (MPD) |
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Definition
| dissociative identity disorder |
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Term
| a psychotic disorder or group of disorders marked by positive symptoms (e.g. delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and incoherent speech, and inappropriate behavior) and negative symptoms (e.g. emotional flatness and loss of motivation) |
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Definition
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Term
| an extreme mental disturbance involving distorted perceptions and irrational behavior; it may have psychological or organic causes |
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Definition
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Term
| In the law, the defintion of ____rests primarily onw heter a person is aware of the consequences of his or her action and can control his or her behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| The standard reference manual used to diagnose all mental disorders is the _____, published by the american psyciatric association. |
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Definition
| diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) |
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Term
| when people become extremely anxious in wituation in which they will be observed by others--eating in a resaurant, speaking in front of a group or crowd, having to perform for others |
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Definition
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Term
| ____include disturbances in mood ranging from extreme depression to extreme mania. |
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Definition
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Term
| a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinicaly significant impairment or distress |
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Definition
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Term
| The holds that addiction is due primarily to a person's biochemistry, metabolism, and genetic predispostion. |
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Definition
| biological model of addiction |
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Term
| The holds that addiction is due primarily to a person's biochemistry, metabolism, and genetic predispostion. |
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Definition
| biological model of addiction |
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Term
| The holds that addiction is due primarily to a person's biochemistry, metabolism, and genetic predispostion. |
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Definition
| biological model of addiction |
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Term
| The ___examines the role of the enviornment, learning, and culture in encouraging or discouraging drug abuse and addiction. |
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Definition
| learning model of addiciton |
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Term
| What are the four main symptoms of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| bizarre delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized and inapproriate behavior |
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Term
| an illogical jumble of ideas and symbols, linked by menaing less rhyming words or by remote associaitons |
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Definition
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Term
| some people with schizophrenia completely withdraw into a private world, sitting for hours without moving, in a condition called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| drugs used primarily in the treatment of chizophrenia and other pyschotic disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| drugs used primarily in the treatment of mood disorders, expecially depression and anxiety |
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Definition
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Term
| drugs commonly but often inappropriately prescribed for patients who complain of unhappiness, anxiety, or worry |
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Definition
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Term
| a drug frequently given to people suffering from bipolar disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| the apparent success of a medication or treatment that is due to the patient's expectations or hopes rather than to the drug or treatment itself |
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Definition
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Term
| any surgical procedure that destorys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| a procedure used in cases of prolonged and severe major depression, in which a brief brain seizure is induced |
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Definition
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) |
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Term
| a method of "depth" psychotherapy developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts |
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Definition
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Term
| in psychodynamic therapies, the process of saying freely whatever comes to mind in connection with dreams, memories, fantasies, or conflicts |
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Definition
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Term
| psychotherapies that share the goal of exploring the unconcious dynamics of personlaity, altough they differ from freudian analysis in various ways |
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Definition
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Term
| psychotherapies that share the goal of exploring the unconcious dynamics of personlaity, altough they differ from freudian analysis in various ways |
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Definition
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Term
| in psychodynamic therapies, a critical process in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reaction, such as emotional feelings about his or her parents, onto the therapist |
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Definition
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Term
| a form of therapy that applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviors |
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Definition
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Term
| in behavior therapy, a step by step process of densitizing a client to a fared object or experience; it is based on the classical conditiong procedure of counter conditioning |
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Definition
| systematic desensitzation |
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Term
| in heavior therapy, a method in which a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobia or panic attacks, is taken directly into the feared situation until the anxiety subsides |
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Definition
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Term
| in behavior therapy, a method of keeping careful data on the frequency and consequences of the behavior to be changed |
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Definition
| behavioral self monitoring |
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Term
| in behavior therapy, an effort to teach the client skills that he or she may lack, as well as new constructive behaviors to replace self-defeating ones |
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Definition
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Term
| a form of therapy designed to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thining and hence to reduce negative emotions and their behavior consequences |
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Definition
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Term
| a form of cognitive therapy devised by albert ellis, designed to challenge the client's unrealistic or irrational thoughts |
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Definition
| rational emotive behavior therapy |
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Term
| a form of psychotherapy based on the philosophy of humanism, which emphasizes people's free will to change, not past conflicts |
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Definition
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Term
| a humanist approach to therapy devised by Carl Rogers, which emphasizes the therapists empathy with the client and the use of unconditional positive regard |
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Definition
| client centered (nondirective) therapy |
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Term
| a form of therapy designed to help clients explore the meaning of existence and face the great questions of life, such as death, freedom, alienation, and lonliness |
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Definition
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Term
| an approach in doing therapy with individuals or families by emphasizing how each family member forms part of a larger, interacting system |
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Definition
| family systems perspective |
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Term
| the bond of confidence and mutual understanding established between therapist and client, which allows them to work together to solve the client's problems |
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Definition
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Term
| research designed to determine the effectiveness of a new medication or form of therapy, in which people with a given problem or disorder are randomly assigned to one or more treatment groups or to a control group |
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Definition
| randomized controlled trials |
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Term
| ____such as Nardil, elevate the level of norepinephrine and serotonin in th ebrain by blocking or inhibiting an enzyme that deactivates these neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) |
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Term
| _____, such as Elavil, boost norephinephrine and serotonin levels by preventing the normal reabsoroption or "reputake" of these substances by the cells that have released them |
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Definition
| tricyclic antidepressants |
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Term
| _____such as Prozac, work on the same principle as teh tricyclics but specifically target serotonin |
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Definition
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
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Term
| the amount that is enough but not too much |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____was supposed to reduce the pateint's emotional symptoms without impairing intellectual ability |
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Definition
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Term
| ____invovles the use of a pulsing magnetic coil held to a person's skul at the left prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
| trancranial magnetic stimulation |
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