Shared Flashcard Set

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Chapters 9 and 10
Exam 2
34
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
10/18/2008

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Cards

Term
The human brain weighs about and is made up of _______________.
Definition
1.4 kg (~3 lbs) ; 10^12 neurons
Term
It is ___ with different regions having _________. The glial cell type involved in barriers and compartmentalization.
Definition
compartmentalized; different functions; ependymal
Term
What is the largest region of the brain? It is the ____________.
Definition
Cerebrum; center of higher brain functions
Term
The three parts of the brain that play a part in embryonic development of the CNS. Name the parts of each.
Definition
Forebrain (cerebrum and diencephalon); Midbrain (midbrain); Hindbrain (medulla, oblongata, pons, and cerebellum).
Term
Most of the higher brain functions take place __________.
Definition
within the cerebral cortex
Term
Gray matter is ________.
Definition
unmyelinated neurons
Term
The outer layer of the cerebrum. How thick is it?
Definition
cerebral cortex; 2-4 mm
Term
The cerebral cortex is divided in to:
Definition
the right and left hemispheres
Term
The four lobes of the cortex:
Definition
frontal, parietel, temporal, occipital
Term
The cortex is divided into three general categories by _______. What are they?
Definition
Function; sensory areas, motor areas, association areas
Term
Receive and interpret sensory impulses; mostly posterior to central sulcus
Definition
Sensory areas
Term
Control muscle movements; primarily anterior portions of two himispheres
Definition
Motor areas
Term
Memory, emotions, resoning, will, judgment...higher brain functions
Definition
Associated Areas
Term
The sensory areas receive and interpret sensory impluses; mostley _______ to the _________.
Definition
posterior; central sulcus
Term
Motor areas control muscle movements; primarily where?
Definition
anterior portions of two hemispheres
Term
The primary motor cortex is part of what lobe? Where is it located? What is it's function?
Definition
Frontal; precentral gyrus in the frontal lobe; voluntary contractions of specific muscles
Term
The motor association cortex is part of what lobe? Where is it located and what is its function?
Definition
Frontal; anterior to primary motor area; communicate with the primary motor area and other regions of the brain (thalamus, etc); controls learned, complex skilled movements and serves as a memory bank for those skills.
Term
Where is the Motor speech cortex located and what is its function? What is its nickname?
Definition
frontal lobe-one side only usually left; production of speech (motor area); broca's area
Term
The translation of speech into thought and thought into speech involves integration of :
Definition
all language areas and hearing primary and association areas.
Term
Where is the primary somatosensory area located and what is its function?
Definition
post central gyrus in the parietal lobe; receives sensory impulses from receptors for pain, touch, temperature, and proprioception
Term
Where you are in space
Definition
propriocepetion
Term
Where is the primary visual cortex located, what is its function, and what is its nickname?
Definition
medial portion of occipital lobe; receives impules from the thalamic nuclei after the area has synapsed with optic nerves; information received on color, shape, and movement of visual stimuli; visual cortex
Term
Where is the visual association area located and what is its function?
Definition
occipital lobe, anterior to primary area; receives sensory impulses from primary visual area and evaluates what is seen and compares to past experience
Term
Where is the primary auditory cortex located and what is its function?
Definition
superior portion of temporal lobe; interprets basic characteristics of sound: pitch and rhythm
Term
What areas are located in the frontal lobe? parietal lobe? occipital lobe? temporal lobe?
Definition
primary motor cortex, motor assocation cortex, motor speech cortex; primary somatosensory area; primary visual area, visual association area; primary auditory area, Auditory association area
Term
Where is the auditory assocation area located, what is its function, and what is its nickname?
Definition
temporal lobe; inferior and posterior to primary area one lobe only, usually left; determines if sound is speech, music or noise; receives impulses from primary area; helps translate words into thoughs; wernicke's area
Term
The cerebral is divided into the:
note: most sensory and motor fibers cross at the level of the ______so that cortical control of the left side is facilitated by the ____ and vise versa.
Definition
right and left brain; brain stem; right
Term
What makes up the diencephalon and where is it located?
Definition
the thalamus and hypothalamus and lateral geniculate nucleus and posterior pituitary; below the cerebrum
Term
Most of the diencephalon: ____ oval masses of _________ - form ____ of the _______; organized into ______(clusters of ______ within _______)
Definition
two; gray matter; wall; 3rd ventricle; nuclei; cell bodies; CNS
Term
The Thalamus acts as a ______ for sensory impluses on their way from the spinal cord, cerebellum, brain stem, to the cortex. Crude appreciation for some of the sensations, relies on the _______centers for interpretation of this sensory information; some rle in ____.
Definition
relay station; cortical; cognition
Term
Where is the hypothalamus located, what is it s function and what is it stimulated by?
Definition
inferior to the thalamus; major regulator of homeostasis; info from the cerebrum, brain stem, spinal cord, or by the chemical namture of the blood
Term
Although the hypothalamus makes up less than __ percent of total brain volue, it has tremendous influence and importance. It influences: and contains centers for :
Definition
1; many endocrine reflexes, autonomic reflexes, eating, drinking; temperature regulation, control of blood osmolarity, stress, reproduction, growth
Term
The cerebrum and diencephalon make up the :
Definition
forebrain
Term
The best known hypothalamic pathway is its involvement in mediating the _________. Sweaty palms, fast heart beat, increased blood pressure, are all mediated by the hypothalamus.
Definition
fight or flight response
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