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| A national legislature composed of elected representatives who do not choose the chief executive |
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| A national legislator composed of elected representatives who choose the chief executive |
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-to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises
-to borrow money
-to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states
-to establish rules for naturalization (becoming a citizen) and bankruptcy
-to coin money, set its value, and punish counterfeiting
-to fix the standard of weights and measures
-to establish a post office and post roads
-to issue patents and copyrights to inventors and authors
-to create courts inferior to (below) the supreme court
-to define and punish piracies, felonies on the high seas, and crimes against the law of nations
-to declare war
-to raise and support an army and navy and make rules for their governance
-to provide for a militia
-to exercise exclusive legislative powers over the seat of government and over places purchased to be federal facilities
-to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers bested by this constitution in the government of the United State |
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| The ability of member of Congress to mail letters to their constituents free of charge by substituting their facsimile signature for postage |
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| A lawmaking body made up two chambers or parts. The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislature composed of a Senate and a House of Representative |
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| A second primary election held in some states when no candidate receives majority of the votes in the first primary: the runoff is between the two candidates with the most votes. Runoff primaries are common in the South |
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| The legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats in the House of Representatives or Senate |
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| The legislative leader elected by party members holding a minority of seats in the House of Representatives or the Senate |
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| A senator or representative who helps the party leader stay informed about what party members are thinking, rounds up members when important votes are to be take, and attempts to keep a nose count on how the voting on controversial issues is likely to go |
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| the presiding officer of the House of Representatives and the leader of his party in the House |
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| When 90% or more of the Democrats in either house of Congress vote against 90% percent or more of the Republicans. A looser measure counts as a port vote any case where at least 50% of the Democrats vote together against at least 50% percent of the Republicans |
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| AN association of members of Congress created to advocate a political ideology or a regional, ethnic, or economic interest |
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| Permanently established legislative committees that consider and are responsible for legislation within certain subject areas. Examples are the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Judiciary Committee |
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| Congressional committees appointed for a limited time and purpose |
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| Committees on which both representatives and senators serve |
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| a joint committee made to resolve differences in the Senate and House versions of the same piece of legislation before final passage |
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| AN expression of opinion either in the House of Representatives or the Senate to settle housekeeping or procedural matters in either body |
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| An expression of congressional opinion without the force of law that requires the approval of both the House and Senate but not of the president. |
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| A formal expression of congressional opinion that must be approved by both houses of Congress and by the president. Joint resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment need not be signed by the President. |
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| A device by which any member of the House, after a committee has had a bill for thirty days, may petition to have it brought to the floor. If a majority of the members agree, the bill is discharged from the committee. The discharge petitions designed to prevent a committee from killing a bill by holding it for too long |
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| An order from the House Rules Committee in the House of Representatives the permits certain kinds of amendments but not others to be made to a bill on the legislative floor |
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| An order from the House Rules Committee in the House of Representatives that sets a time limit on debate and forbids a particular bill form being amended on the legislative floor |
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| An order from the House Rules Committee in the House of Representatives that permits a bill to be amended on the legislative floor |
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| An attempt a defeat a bill in the Senate by talking indefinitely, thus preventing the Senate from taking action on it. |
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| Amendments on matters unrelated to a bill that are added to an important bill so that they will "ride" to passage through the Congress |
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| A rule used by the Senate to end or limit debate. |
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| Setting aside a bill against which one or more senators are filibustering so the other legislation can be voted on |
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| A congressional voting procedure in which members shout "aye" in approval or "no" in disapproval |
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| A congressional voting procedure in which members stand and are counted |
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| A congressional voting procedure that consists of members answering "yea" or "nay" to their names. (Electric Voting) |
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| Literally, "I forbid" it refers to the power of a president to disapprove a bill |
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| A method of organizing a president's staff in which several presidential assistants report directly to the president |
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| A method of organizing a president's staff in which most presidential assistants report through a hierarchy to the president's chief of staff |
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| A system for organizing the White House in which a group of subordinates and committees all report to the president directly |
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| By custom, the cabinet includes the heads of the fifteen major executive departments |
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| A presidential claim that he may withhold certain information from Congress |
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| One of two ways for a president to disapprove a bill sent to him by Congress. |
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| If the president does not sign the bill within ten days of his receiving it and COngress has adjourned within that time, the bill does not become law |
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| The power of an executive to veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving others. He does not have this power |
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| Information provided to the media by an anonymous public official as a way of testing the public reaction to a possible policy or appointment |
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| A proposal submitted by the House and Senate budget committees to their respective chambers recommending a total budget ceiling and a ceiling for each of several spending areas (such as health or defense) for the current fiscal year. |
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| A congressional enactment that provides funds to continue government operations in the absence of an agreed-upon budget |
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| A situation in which the government spends more money than it takes in from taxes and fees |
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| A situation in which the government takes in ore money than it spends |
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