Term
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Definition
| the second stage of development, centered around issues in toilet training |
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Term
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Definition
| a feeling warning the ego that something bad is about to happen |
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Term
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Definition
| biologically programmed cell death |
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Term
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Definition
| a boy's fear (during the phallic stage) that his father will perceive him as a rival & castrate him |
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Term
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Definition
| the release of emotional tension |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the superego that punished violations of moral standards |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the mind that holds what you are currently aware of |
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Term
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Definition
| preoccupations in your current waking life |
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Term
| death instincts (Thanatos) |
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Definition
| self-destructive instincts, often turned outward as aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| an ego-protective strategy to hide threats from yourself & thereby reduce anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| a refusal to believe that some real condition exists; can exist on conscious level |
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Term
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Definition
| the shifting of an impulse from its original target to a different one |
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Term
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Definition
| the rational part of the personality that deals pragmatically with reality |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the superego that represents perfection & rewards for good behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the ego to function despite competing demands of the id, superego, & reality |
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Term
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Definition
| a sexually responsive area of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition of being partly stuck in a stage of psychosexual development |
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Term
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Definition
| a therapy procedure of saying without hesitation whatever comes to mind |
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Term
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Definition
| the final stage of development, characterized by mature & mutual sexual involvement with another |
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Term
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Definition
| the original, primitive component of personality; the source of all energy |
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Term
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Definition
| developing feelings of similarity to & connectedness with another person |
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Term
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Definition
| an emotional re-experiencing of earlier conflicts in your life that occurs during therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of thinking about something clinically & without emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| absorbing the values of your parents into your superego |
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Term
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Definition
| the period in which the crises of the phallic stage give way to a temporary calm |
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Term
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Definition
| the underlying sources of symbolic dream images |
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Term
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Definition
| the collective energy of life instincts |
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Term
| life instincts (sexual instincts) (Eros) |
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Definition
| survival & sexual instincts |
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Term
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Definition
| the images that make up the dream experience as it's recalled |
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Term
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Definition
| the fear of behaving in conflict with the superego's moral code |
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Term
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Definition
| the fear that your id impulses will get out of control & get you into trouble |
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Term
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Definition
| the mix of desire for the opposite-sex parent & fear of or hatred for the other parent |
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Term
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Definition
| the first stage of psychosexual development, in which oral needs create a crisis over weaning |
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Term
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Definition
| a slip of the tongue, behavior, or memory; unsuccessful repression |
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Term
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Definition
| a girl's envy of males resulting from feelings of having been castrated |
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Term
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Definition
| the third stage of development, in which a crisis occurs over sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that impulses should be gratified immediately |
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Term
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Definition
| the region of the mind that corresponds to ordinary memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the id process that creates an unconscious image of a desired object |
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Term
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Definition
| ascribing a threatening urge or quality in yourself to someone else |
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Term
| projective techniques (and example) |
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Definition
| an assessment in which you project from the unconscious onto ambiguous stimuli; ex) Rorschach Inkblot test |
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Term
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Definition
| finding a plausible but incorrect explanation for an unacceptable action or event; protects self from being depressed; can be on self or others; can be conscious or unconscious; theoretical concept: not always a "real" or "better" reason |
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Term
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Definition
| the fear caused by real danger in the world |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that actions must take into account the constraints of external reality |
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Term
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Definition
| the ego's checking to see whether plans will work before they are put into action |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of preventing an idea of impulse from becoming conscious |
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Term
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Definition
| an attempt to avoid becoming conscious of threatening material in therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| a projective test that uses inkblots as ambiguous stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| the ego process of rationally seeking an object to satisfy a desire |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud's model of three components of personality |
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Term
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Definition
| alteration of an id impulse into a socially acceptable act |
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Term
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Definition
| the component of personality that seeks moral perfection |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud's model of three regions, or areas, of the mind |
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Term
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Definition
| the displacement onto your therapist of feelings that are tied to an object of conflict |
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Term
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Definition
| the region of the mind that's not accessible to consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| the creation of an unconscious image of a desired object |
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Term
| Freud's three regions of the mind |
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Definition
1. conscious
2. preconscious
3. unconscious |
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Term
| Freud's three facts of personality |
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Definition
1. ego (conscious & preconscious)
2. id (unconscious)
3. superego |
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Term
| 3 forces that are balanced by the ego |
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Definition
1. superego
2. id
3. external environment |
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Term
| example of reaction formation |
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Definition
| Ted Haggard = anti-prostitution speaker but used prostitutes |
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Term
| where is reaction formation in the mind? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does reaction formation do for anxiety? |
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Definition
| releases pent-up energy (& anxiety); superego stopping "bad impulses" (also pleases outside world) |
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Term
| critique of the psychoanalytic perspective |
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Definition
| poorly defined psychological constructs; ideas that are not operationally defined properly |
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Term
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Definition
| an emotional connection to someone else |
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Term
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Definition
| the need to be effective or successful in dealing with the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the need to have an impact on the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which a person controls or inhibits impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| the overall sense of self that emerges from your transactions with social reality |
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Term
| ego quality (ego strength or virtue) |
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Definition
| the quality that becomes part of your personality through successful management of a crisis |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to flexibly modify your typical level of ego control to adapt to new contexts |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea (adopted from embryology) that an internal plan for future development is present at the beginning of life |
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Term
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Definition
| the feeling that you are deficient in some way |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that developmental processes continue throughout life; Erik Erikson; central themes = ego identity & competency |
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Term
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Definition
| the giving of positive attention & supportiveness to someone |
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Term
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Definition
| a sense of grandiose self-importance & entitlement |
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Term
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Definition
| a story you compose for yourself about life to create a coherent sense of identity |
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Term
| object relations (and example) |
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Definition
| an individual's symbolized relations to other persons; ex) by age 3, representation of mother develops --> child has internalized the object relation (Mahler) |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of play as a procedure for conducting therapy with children |
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Term
| psychosocial crisis (or conflict) |
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Definition
| a turning point in a developmental period when some interpersonal issue is being dealt with & growth potential & vulnerability are both high |
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Term
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Definition
| Kohut's theory that relationships create the structure of the self |
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Term
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Definition
| the mental representation of another person who functions to satisfy your needs |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of acquiring a distinct identity; separating from fusion with the mother; if too fast can lead to separation anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure used to assess the attachment pattern of the infant to the mother |
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Term
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Definition
| a period in which an infant experiences fusion with the mother |
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Term
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Definition
| the viewing of other people through selfobject representation originally developed for parents |
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Term
| 2 crucial stages of infant development according to Mahler |
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Definition
1. symbiosis
2. separation-identification |
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Term
| initial needs involving others are _____ & child uses others as _____ |
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Definition
| narcissistic; self-objects |
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Term
| responding to a child's narcissistic needs in an empathetic & accepting way (mirroring) helps the child _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| according to personality psychology, why does someone with NPD treat others as an extension of him- or herself? |
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Definition
| as an admiring mirror of the narcissist's strivings; as an ideal object with which the narcissist wishes to merge |
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Term
| characteristics of a person with NPD |
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Definition
| hypersensitive to criticism; take advantage of others; feelings of self-importance; fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence, or ideal love; entitlement; lack empathy; self-interest |
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Term
| insecure attachment resulted from _____ |
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Definition
| overall less interaction with parents |
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Term
| avoidant attachment in adults & its relation to love & where it can come from |
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Definition
| somewhat uncomfortable being close with others; love doesn't last; comes from less responsive parenting |
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Term
| secure attachment in adults & its relation to love |
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Definition
| relatively easy to get close to others; love is real & stays |
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Term
| ambivalent attachment in adults & its relation to love |
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Definition
| others are reluctant to get as close as I'd like; falling in love is easy, but doesn't last |
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Term
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Definition
| your self as you presently view it |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to grow in ways that maintain or enhance the organism towards best possible self |
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Term
| clarification of feelings |
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Definition
| the procedure in which a therapist restates a client's expressed feelings |
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Term
| client-centered or person-centered therapy |
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Definition
| a type of therapy that removes conditions of worth & has clients examine their feelings & take personal responsibility for their improvement |
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Term
| conditional positive regard |
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Definition
| affection that's given only under certain conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| self-acceptance that's given only under certain conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| contingencies placed on positive regard |
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Term
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Definition
| an integration within the self & a coherence between your self & your experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| the grouping & counting of various categories of statements in an interview |
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Term
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Definition
| self-acceptance that's based on performance in some domain of life |
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Term
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Definition
| "being-in-the-world" the totality of your autonomous personal existance |
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Term
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Definition
| motives reflecting a lack within the person that needs to be filled |
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Term
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Definition
| a sense of guilt over failing to fulfill all of your possibilites |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that people are responsible for investing their lives with meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| the experience of being immersed completely in an activity |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who's open to life's experiences & who is self-actualizing |
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Term
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Definition
| motives reflecting the desire to extend & elaborate yourself |
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Term
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Definition
| a branch of psychology emphasizing the universal capacity for personal growth |
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Term
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Definition
| your perception of how you'd like to be |
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Term
| organismic valuing process |
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Definition
| the internal signal that indicates whether self-actualization is occurring; nagging sense that something isn't right |
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Term
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Definition
| a subjective experience of intense self-actualization; feelings of awe, wonder, & ecstasy; usually happen during work; no outside worries (time, relationship issues, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| a view that emphasizes the importance of your own personal experiences |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| an assessment technique in which you sort descriptors according to how much they apply to you |
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Term
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Definition
| a motive to regain or reassert a freedom that's been threatened |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure in which a therapist rephrases the ideas expressed by a client |
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Term
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Definition
| a process of growing in ways that maintain or enhance the self; idea from Carl Rogers; moves person toward greater autonomy or self sufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| pursuing goals that are consistent with your core values |
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Term
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Definition
| deciding for yourself what to do |
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Term
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Definition
| creating situations that make it hard to succeed, thus enabling avoidance of self-blame for failure; potential failure can be attributed to external situation & self esteem can be maintained |
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Term
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Definition
| having a negative perception of the self because of feeling prejudiced |
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Term
| transcendent self-actualizers |
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Definition
| people whose actualization goes beyond the self to become more universal |
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Term
| unconditional positive regard |
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Definition
| acceptance & affection with "no strings attached"; Rogers --> therapist must have this towards patient |
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Term
| Carl Rogers' ideas were _____ at the time |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 needs that must be satisfied for a life of growth, integrity, & well-being |
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Definition
1. autonomy (self-determination)
2. competence
3. relatedness (represents an intrinsic need) |
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Term
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Definition
| applies standards of "should" & "ought" to behavior; behavior done to avoid guilt or get self-approval |
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Term
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Definition
| process whereby behavior comes to hold personal meaning & value (often for growth) over time; not as self-determined as intrinsically motivated behavior, but close |
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Term
| Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of motives |
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Definition
1. physiological (food, water, rest) (individual)
2. safety & physical security (not in threat [physical or emotional]) (individual)
3. love & belonging (first incorporation of others)
4. esteem (career, school, being good parent/friend)
5. self actualization |
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Term
| characteristics of self-actualizers |
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Definition
| spontaneous in thought & emotion yet still really good at what they do; freshness of appreciation of ordinary events (almost child-like); deep ties but only with a few people (still independent yet have many bubble friends); maintain inner detachment from culture in which they live (don't need culture to create self-esteem) |
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