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| Otherwise known as "Cellular Reproduction", it is when a cell divides and the two daughter cells are genetically identical to each other and to thier origianal parent cell. |
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| The structures that contain most of the cell's DNA. |
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| It is when an organism reproduces and creates genetic replicas of the parent without needing fertilization of an egg by a sperm. |
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| Reproduction that requires the fertilization of an egg by a sperm. |
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| A sex cell, sperm or egg, that only contains half of the chromosomes a regular body cell would have. |
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| The long material that Chromosomes are made of, they are fibers composed of roughly equal amounts of DNA and protein molecules. |
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| small proteins that are only found in eukaryotes that are involved with DNA packing. |
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| The beads on the string of DNA strands, composed of dna and historone molecules. |
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| Two copies of a chromosome which contain identicle genes. |
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| the narrow waist at which the two sister chromatids are tightly joined. |
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| The ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells is complete. |
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| Interphase (Mitosis and Meiosis are the same) |
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Definition
| The time when a cell performs its formal functions within the organism. Cell grows and doubles its materials. |
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| The chromosomes appear with two distinct sister chromatids that are joined by a centromere, then the centrosomes seprate and the nuclear envelope disappears. |
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| Mitotic spindle is formed and the chromosomes all line up in the middle of the cell. Microtubules are attached to centromeres and are pulling them in the middle. |
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Chromosomes in middle separate and become daughter chromosomes. Microtubules then shorten and motor protein walks centromere and it elongates the cell.
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Term
| Telophase/Cytokinesis (Mitosis) |
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Definition
| Chromosomes reach separate sides and nuculear envelope forms and the spindles disappear. Cytokineses is the division of the cytoplasm and finishing of the two separate cells. |
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homologous chromosomes form tetrad and cross over. Intermixes mom and dad genes to create variation. |
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| Chromosomes line up in middle of the cell, microtubules attached to homologs and not to the chromatids. |
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes migrate to the poles of the cell. Sister chromatids remain attached to one another. |
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| Telophase/Cytokinesis (Meiosis) |
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Definition
nuclear evelope may or may not form, chromosomes may unpack. |
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Definition
| A football shaped structure of microtubules that guide the seperation of the two sets of daughter chromosomes. |
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Definition
| The spindle microtubles grow from structures within the cytoplasm. |
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| an identification at the equator of the cell that the cell is begining the (cyto) splitting process. |
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| Cell Cycle Control System |
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Definition
| The events post cell cycle are controlled by this. With specialized proteins it tells other body cells to stop or go ahead. |
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| A membranous disk that is formed in a plant cell that accumulates cell wall material and divides the cell. |
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| An abnormally growing mass of body cells. |
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| A tumor in which the abnormal cells remain in thier original site, they can cause problems if they grow and rupture to disrupt certain organs. |
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| Is a tumor that has begun to spread into neigboring tissues and other parts of the body and starts to interrupt organ fuction. |
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| An individual with a malignant tumor. |
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| "Poison" It is the use of drugs to try and disrupt cell division. It is used to treat widespread anor metastatic tumors. |
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| A typical body cell that has 46 chromosomes. |
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| a picture, under microscope, where the chromosomes are stained for visibility to see all 23 pairs. |
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| Two chromosomes of such a matching pair, that both carry genes that control the same inherited characteristic. |
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| The chromosomes that determine a person's sex. Males XY, females XX. |
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| the remaining chromosomes found in both males and females. |
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| A cell with all 46 chromosomes. (all cells except Gametes) |
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| A cell with only a single chromosome set. (Only sex cells) |
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| When a haploid sperm cell from the father fuses wit ha haploid egg cell from the mother. |
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| A fertilized egg. (now a diploid) |
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| the exchange of corresponding segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. (Prophase I of Miosis) |
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| The point of crossing over (appear as the x shaped regions) |
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| the production of gene combinations different from those carried by the parental chromosomes. |
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| a mishap in meiosis in which members of the chromosome pair fail to separate at anaphase. (results in an abnormal number of chromosomes) |
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| when there is a mishap in meiosis and it results in 3 (21st) chromosomes. Affects about 1/700 children. |
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| a heritable feature that varies among individuals. |
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| Each variant of a character is called a trait. |
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| deduced the fundemental principals of genetics by breeding garden peas. |
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| The scientific study of heredity that began in the 1860's. |
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| the offspring of two different purebred varieties. |
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Definition
| The cross-fertilization itself is referred to as a (BLANK) |
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| a cross in which the parents only differ by one character. |
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Definition
| The alternative versions of a gene are called Alleles. |
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Definition
| An organism that has two identical alleles for a gene. |
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| An organism that has two different alleles for a certain gene. |
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| The allele that will always determines the organism's appearance if the organism is either Homo or Hetero with this Allele. |
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| The allele that has no noticeable effect on the organism appearance unless Homologous with this Allele. |
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| A sperm or egg will only always carry one allele for character and when rejoined each contributes an allele. |
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| Repeats the cross in a way that highlights the four possible combinations of gametes and the the resulting four possible offspring in the F2 generation. |
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| its genetic makeup, what alleles an organism actually has for a characteristic. |
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| Which allele is actually expressing itself. |
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| A method of organizing genetic information into a family tree. |
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| parents who carry a recessive allele for a disorder but who are normal themselves. |
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| The most common lethal genetic disease in the US. |
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Definition
| long chains of polymers and monomers |
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Term
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Definition
| Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material in the nucleus that holds all genetic information. |
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Definition
| the thickness of the helix that was observed by Watson suggested that it was made up of two polynucleotides arranged in the double helix. |
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Definition
| the transfer of genetic information from DNA into RNA molecule. |
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Definition
| the transfer of the information from RNA into a protein. |
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