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| a _____ is a naturally occurring, inorganic substance that usually possesses a definite chemical composition and characteristic atomic structure. |
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| the theory describing the motions and changes through time of the continents and ocean basins, and the process that fracture and fuse them, is called _____ |
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| the _______ is a soft, plastic layer that underlies the lithosphere |
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| some continental margins are ______ and accumulate thick deposits of continental sediments unlike other continental margins are _____ and have trenches making the location at which ocean crust is sliding beneath continental crust. |
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| the process in which one plate is carried beneath another is called ____ |
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| _____ plate boundaries with ______ in progress are zones of intense tectonic and volcanic activity |
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| occassionally, stratovolcanoes erupt so violently that the entire central potion of the volcano collapses into its empty magma chamber to form a large depression called a ______ |
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| _____ faults result in crustal shortening produced by compression of the crust. |
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| the emanation point of the seismic waves released during an earthquake is called the ____ |
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| cliff retreat produces a ____, which is a tabletopped plateau bordered on all sides by cliffs |
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| the process in which rocks are fractured, broken and/or transformed to softer and weaker forms is known as _____ |
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| _________ is the spontaneous movement of soil, regolith and rock under the influence of gravity |
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| a(n) ____ is a mass of water-saturated soil that slowly moves downhill |
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| mudflows that occur on the flanks of erupting volcanoes are called _____ |
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| a region in close proximity to active glaciers and ice sheets and typified by intense frost action is generally referred to as a _____ |
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| the ____ layer of permafrost terrains is due to season thaws |
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| a _____ is formed when ground ice accumulates and slowly grows in height forming a concial mound in the overlying sediment |
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| a layer of rock or sediment that contains abundant, freely flowing ground water is known as an _____ |
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| geographers apply the term _____ to the topography of any limestone area where sinkholes are numerous and small surface streams are nonexistant |
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| in cases where many water-pumping wells are in operation, the rate of ground-water depiction exceeds recharge to the point where ground water is often classified as a _______ resource |
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| a source of ground-water contamination in coastal wells is ________ |
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| steam flow at a given location is measured by its ______ |
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| a ________ consists of a branched network of stream channels and adjacent slopes that feed the channel |
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| the most important factor determining the lag between a period of heavy rainfall or snowmelt and streams increased discharge response ___________ |
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| the side of the drainage basin feeding the stream |
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| an important point about _____ is that they are short-lived features of the geologic time scale |
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| lakes without outlets other than evaporation often show _____ |
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| landforms shaped by _____ are described and flurial landforms |
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| in steep sloped landscapes, a destructive form of soil erosion called _____ results in many closely spaced channels in response to torrential rain episodes. |
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| the process of mechanical wear by the rolloing of cobbles and boulders along the beds of streams is called ____ |
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| chemical rock weathering process such as acid reactions and solution collectively refer to a mechanism known as ____ |
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| the maximum solid load of debris that canbe carried by a stream at a given discharge is a measure of the ______ |
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| the shifting line of contact between water and land is referred to as a ______ while a broader term ____ refers to a zone in which coastal processes operate or have strong influence. |
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| where a river empties into an ocean bay, the bay is termed an ____ |
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| the most important agent shaping coastal landforms is _____ action |
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| ______ coasts are unique in that the addition of new land is made by organisms in warm oceans |
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| a _____ sand dune is one that has the outline of a crescent, and the points of the crescent are directed downward. |
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| a great sand sea, like the area found in the sahara desert is called an ____ |
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| what condition must be met for a glacier to begin flowing downhill? |
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Definition
| the ice mass must become so thick that the bottom layers become plastic |
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| ____ produces grooved and polished bedrock surfaces that mark the former path of movement of glacial ice |
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| where two corque headwalls intersect from opposide sides, a jagged, knife-like ridge called a(n) _____ is formed |
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| a ridge or pile of rock debris left by glacial action that marks the terminis of glacier is called a _____ |
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| what location is not cever w/ an ice sheet? |
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| ____ are bodies of land ice that have broken free from glaciers that terminate in the ocean |
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| a succession of glaciations regularly interupted by warmer interglacial periods constitutes a(n) ______ |
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