Term
| a mental category that groups objects, relations, activities, abstractions, or qualities ahving common properties |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an especially representative example of a concept |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an integrated mental network of knowledge, behliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a mental represenation that mirrors or resembles the thing it represents; these can occur in many and perhaps all sensory modalities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mental processes occuring outside of concious awareness but accessible to conciousness when necessary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mental processes occuring outside of and not available to concious awareness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| learning that occurs when you acquire knowledge about something without being aware of how you did so and without being able to state exactly what it is you have learned |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the drawing of conclusions or inferences from observations, facts, or assumptions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a problem solving strategy guaranteed to prouce a solution even if the user does not know how it works |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a form of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from certain premises; if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a form of reasoning in which the premises provide support for a conclusion, but it is still possible for the conclusion to be false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a rule of thum that suggests a course of action or guides problem solving but does not guaratnee an optimal solution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a process in which opposing facts or ideas are weighed and compared, with a view to determining the best solution or to resolving differences |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teh tendency to judge the probability of a type of event by how easy it is to think of examples or instances |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a tendency to solve problems using procedures that worked before on similar problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tendency to overestimate one's ability to have predicted an event once the outcome is known; the "I knew it all along" phenomenon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tendency to look for or pay attention only to inoformation that confirms one's own belief |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent, or when a person's belief is incongruent with his or her behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the theory of cognitive dissonance, tension that occurs when you believe you may have made a bad decision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tendency of indivuduals to increase their liking for something that they have worked hard or suffered to attain; a common form of dissonance reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an inferred characteristic of an individual, usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a statistical method for analyzing the intercorrelations among various measures or test scores; clusters of measures or scores that highly correlated are assumed to measure teh same underlying trait ability or aptitude |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a general ability assumed by many theorists to undelie specific mental abilities and talents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the measurement of mental abilities, traits, processes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a measure of mental development expressed in terms of the average mental ability at a given age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a measure of intelligence now derived from norms provided for standardized intelligence tests |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a burden of doubt a person feels about his orher performance, due to negative stereotypes about his or her group's abilities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a theory of intelligence that emphasixes inffomration-processing strategies, the ability to transfer skills to new situations, and the practical application of intelligence |
|
Definition
| triarchic theory of intelligence |
|
|
Term
| the knowledge of awareness of one's own cognitive processes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strategies for success that are not explicitly taught but that instead must be inferred |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ability to identify your own and other people's emotions accurately, express your emotions clearly, and regulate emotions in yourself and others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a statistical estimate of the proportion of the toal variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the study of congitive processes in nonhuman animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the inability to distinguish what you origninally experienced from what you heard or were told about an event later |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concsious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of inofmration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ability to retrieve and repoduce from memory previously encountered material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ability to identify previously encountered material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unconscious retention in memory, as evidenced by the effect of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a method for measuring implicit memory in which a person reads or listens to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects performance on another type of task |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a method for measuring retention that compares the time required to relearn material with the time used in the initial learning of the material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a model of memory in which knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interacting processing units, distributed in a vast network and all operating in parallel |
|
Definition
| prallel distributed processing |
|
|
Term
| a memory system that accurately but very briefly registers sensory information before the information fades or moves into short term memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the three box model of memory, a limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods; it is also used to hold infomration retrieved from long term memory or temporary use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| short term memory plus the mental processes that control retrieval of inofmration from long term memory and interpret that information approriately for a given task |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a meaningful unit of information; it may be composed fo smaler units |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the three box model of memory, the memory system involved in the long term storage of information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| memories for the performance of actions or skills |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events; they include semantic and episodic memories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| memories of general knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions....kim peek |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| memories or personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tendency for recall of the first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of the new information to make it memorable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the encoding of inofmration, the processing of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory features of a stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strategies and tricks for improving memory, such as the use of a verse or a formula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the theory that information in meory eventually disappears if it is not accessed; it applies more to short term than to long term memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forgetting that occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember similar material stored previously |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forgetting that occurs when previous stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar, more recently learned material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the inability to retrieve information stored in memory because of insuffient cues for recall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tendency to remember something when the remberer is in the smae physical or mental state as during the orignial learning or experience |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the loss of memory for important personal information, often painful events. It usually has an orgnaic cause, but in rare cases is psychogenic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in psychoanalytic theory, the involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting information into the unconcious |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the inability to remember events and experiences that occured during the first two or three years of life |
|
Definition
|
|
