Term
| _____ is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| changesic controlled by a genetic blueprint, such as an increase in height or the size of the brain, are examples of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sue noticed that whenever she opened her door to the pantry, her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry, by drooling and whining. She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry, the sound of the door had become _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The acronym UCR stands for _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps. the salivation to the foot steps was a _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. after a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the _____ is the unconditioned response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a bell. You gave the dog a biscuit, then a second later you rang the bell. You do this several times, but no conditioning seems to occur. This is probably because ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the reapperance of a learned response after its apparent extinction is called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a CS, the effect is known as _____ |
|
Definition
| higher-order conditioning |
|
|
Term
| John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _____ in their study |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conditioned taste aversions are an example of something called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Last month Walter became sick after eating two chili dogs, so he no longer likes chili dogs. Walter has experienced ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that ____ |
|
Definition
| CS must predict that the UCS is coming |
|
|
Term
| the kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who was the one of the firsst researchers to explore and outline the laws of voluntary responses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT an example of operant behavior? |
|
Definition
| anything that isnt volutary |
|
|
Term
| A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in operant conditioning, _____ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and voluntary response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a negitive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ____ and, thus, ____ the probability of a response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parent give her $10 everytime she accumlates six A's on her test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| al must build 25 radios before before recieves $20 . what schedule of reinforement is being used? |
|
Definition
| fixed radio schedule of reinforcement |
|
|
Term
| which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning? |
|
Definition
| any behavior that is voluntary |
|
|
Term
| a discriminative stimulus is a stimulus that _____ |
|
Definition
| provides an organism with a cue for making a certain response in order to obtain reinforcement |
|
|
Term
| which of the following statements is true about behavior modification |
|
Definition
| involves process of shaping |
|
|
Term
| neurofeedback, the newer version of biofeedback, involves trying to change ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following conditions have been treated with neurofeedback? |
|
Definition
| epilepsy, anxiety, depression, anger, drug sddiction, chronic fatigue, obsessive compulsive |
|
|
Term
| learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seligman expanded his theory of learned helplessness to explain ____ |
|
Definition
| that this behavior is form of learned helplessness |
|
|
Term
| which type of learning occurs when we observe how other people act? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in order to learn anything through observation, the learner must _____ |
|
Definition
| pay attension to model, be able to retain memory, capable of reproducing, have desire |
|
|
Term
| a young child watches her mother make pancakes. She wants to please her mother so she pays attension. however, when she goes to make them on her own, she cant break the eggs for the batter without making a terrible mess and dropping them on the floor, no matter how hard she tries. Her attempt failed because of a problem with which part of the necessary componets for observational learning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which letters correspond to the four elements of modeling from Bandura's theory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| memory is defined as an active system taht consiste of three processes. They are ____ |
|
Definition
| getting the info into the memory system, storing it here, and getting it back out |
|
|
Term
| the 1st step in the memory process is ____ information in a form that the memory system can use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements is true about retrieval? |
|
Definition
| Getting info that is in storage into a form that can be used. |
|
|
Term
| Which model of memory proposes that the deeper a person processes information, the better it will be remembered? |
|
Definition
| Levels of processing model. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following examples represents deep processing as described by Craik and Lockhart? |
|
Definition
| Thinking about the meaning of something |
|
|
Term
| Which memory system provides us with a very brief representation of all the stimuli present at a a particular moment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A time machine provides you the opportunity to interview Sigmund Freud. During the interview, Freud admits that he never wanted to attend medical school. When you ask him how he made it through, he says, "I had eidetic imagery." What does he mean by that? |
|
Definition
| He had the ability to access a visual memory over a long period of time. |
|
|
Term
| Suzy looks up from her lunch, realizing that Jacques has just said something to her. What was it? Oh, yes, he has just asked her is she wants to go to the movies. Suzy's ability to retrieve what Jacques said is due to her _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 'magic number" did Miller find to be the capacity of short-term memory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Information gets from sensory memory to short-term memory through the process of ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short-term memory is another name for _____ memory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bits of information are combined into meaningful units so that more information can be held in short-term memory through the process of _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If one wanted to use the best method to get storage in long-term memory, one would use ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When memories are stored in long-term memory, which of the following forms of information is used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General knowledge, language, and concepts are seen as part of ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the game show Jeopardy! Contestants are tested on general information. The type of memory used to answers to these kinds of questions is _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Memories for general facts and personal information are called ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A police officer is shot in a gun battle with bank robbers. Although emergency brain surgery saves his life, it leaves him unable to store new information. The officer's family is applying to the state for compensation for his injuries. When asked to supply a diagnosis of the difficulties he suffers, what will they write? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the semantic network model, it would take more time to answer "true" to which sentence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best place to take your biology exam to ensure good retrieval of biology concepts is in ______. |
|
Definition
| Same room which you learned the material |
|
|
Term
| Godden and Baddeley found that if you study on land, you do better when tested on land, and if you study under water, you do best when tested underwater. This finding is an example of ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Janie is taking an exam in her history class. On the exam there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War. Janie remembers four of them. She knows there is a fifth and can almost remember it; she knows that it is something like Texas. Janie is walking down the stairs, when all of a sudden, she remembers that the fifth point is taxes, but it is too late. Janie was suffering from ______. |
|
Definition
| Tip of the tounge phenomenon |
|
|
Term
| Studies have found that the best way to overcome the tip of the tounge effect is to ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When given a list of items to remember, people tend to do better at recalling the first items on the list than the middle of the list. This is known as the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of tests that use recognition are ______. |
|
Definition
| Multiple-choice, matching, true and false |
|
|
Term
| Examples of tests that use recognition are ______. |
|
Definition
| Multiple-choice, matching, true and false |
|
|
Term
| A witness on the stand swears that he saw someone commit a crime. Must you believe that the testimony is valid when a witness testifies so forcefully? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many middle-aged adults can vividly recall where they were and what they were doing the day that John F. Kennedy was assassinated, although they cannot remember what they were doing the day before he was assassinated. This is an example of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flashbulb memories _______. |
|
Definition
| Types of automatic encoding that occur because an unexpected event has strong emotional effects on a person |
|
|
Term
| Retrieving information from long-term memory is done by assembling information form various brain locations in a process known as ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Based on Loftus's 1978 study, subjects viewed a slide presantation of an accident, and some of the subjects were asked a question about a blue car when the actual slides contained pictures of a green car. When these same subjects were asked about the color of the car at the accident, they were found to be confused. This is an example of ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the curve of forgetting developed by Ebbinghaus, the greatest amount of forgetting occurs ______. |
|
Definition
| Quickly within the first hour after learning lists and then taper off gradualy. |
|
|
Term
| Shalissa has two exams today. One is in French and the other is in history. Last night she studied French before history. When she gets to her French test, all she can remember is history! Shalissa's memory is suffering from _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Evidence suggests that short-term memories are stored in the ______. |
|
Definition
| Prefrontal cortex/Temporal lobe |
|
|
Term
| A man known as H.M. lost the ability to form new memories after an operation removed portions of his _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the famous case of H.M., after having part of his brain removed, he could no longer ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ appears to be responsible for the storage of new long-term memories. If it is removed, the ability to store anything new is completely lost. |
|
Definition
|
|
