Term
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| All the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| Component of CNS, axons conveying messages from the sense organs to the CNS to the muscles |
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Definition
| Component of the CNS, controls the heart, the intestines and other organs |
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Definition
| on the opposite side of the body |
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Definition
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Definition
| a row or layer of cell bodies separated from other cell bodies by a layer of axons or dendrites |
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Definition
| cells perpendicular to the surface with similar properties |
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Definition
| a set of axons in the CNS (also know as projection) |
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Definition
| Indentation/groove in the brain |
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Definition
| a protuberance (lump) on the surface of the brain |
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Definition
| a fold or groove that seperates one gyrus from another |
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Definition
| part of the CNS within the spinal column. communicates with all muscles and organs except those in the head |
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Definition
| the entering dorsal roots (axon bundles) carry sensory information and the exiting ventral roots carry motor information |
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Definition
| Conveys sensory (touch) info |
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Definition
| Conveys motor commands to the muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| H shaped - in the center of the spinal cord, densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites. |
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Term
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Definition
| many neurons of the spinal cord send axons from the gray matter to the brain or other parts of the spinal cord through the white matter which consists mostly of alientated axons |
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Term
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Definition
| receives information from and send commands to the heart intestines and other organs |
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Term
| Sypathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| A network of nerves that prepare the organs for vigorous activitiy consists of chains of ganglia just to the left an right of the spinal cord's central regions (the thorasic and lumbar areas) increases heart rate. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| facilitates vegatative non-emergency responses. (Decreases heart rate.) |
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Definition
The posterior part of the brain:
Medulla, pons, cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| gives rise to the dopamine, pathway that facilitates readiness for movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 hemispheres, cerebral cortex, thalmus, basal ganglia, limbic system. |
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Term
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Definition
| contains nuclei for several cranial nerves, many axons in the pons cross from one side to the other |
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Term
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Definition
| controls breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salvation, coughing, sneezing |
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Term
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Definition
| A large hindbrain structure with very deep folds |
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Term
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Definition
| medulla, pons, the midbrain, and certain central structures of the forebrain. |
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Term
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Definition
| network of neurons in the medulla and other parts of the brain: descending - controls motor of the spinal cord. ascending - increases arousal and attention in various forebrain areas |
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Term
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Definition
| Sends axons to much of the forebrain, modifying the brains readiness to respond to stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Control Sensations from the head and much of the parasympathetic output to the organs and muscle movements in the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, tegmentum, substantia negra, tectum |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| covers several other midbrain structures |
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Definition
| main source of input to cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| plays major role in certain aspects of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| conveys messages to the pituitary gland altering its release of hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesizes and releases hormones into the blood-stream which carries them to other organs |
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Definition
| a fluid filled channel in the center of the spinal cord |
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Definition
| membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| large set of axons that connect the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex |
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Definition
| set of axons connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, smaller |
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Term
| Four lobes of the cerebral cortex |
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Definition
| occipital lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe |
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Definition
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Definition
| touch sensations and information from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors |
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Definition
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Definition
| contains the primary motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical disconnection of the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain. meant to cure sever mental disabilities. Caused loss of planning abilities, memory disorders, distractability, and loss of emotional expressions |
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Term
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Definition
| the production of new cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which glia produce the insulating fatty sheaths that accelerate transmission in many vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals such as immunoglobulins and chemokins guide this. |
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Term
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Definition
| when primitive neurons change and form axons and dendrites |
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Term
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Definition
| myelin forms in the spinal cord, then in the hindbrain, midbrain, and forbrain. Continues gradually for decades. |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of synapses - continues throughout your life span, neurons form new synapses and discard old ones |
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Term
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Definition
| undifferentiated cells that can divide and produce daughter cells that develop more specialized properties - differentiate in the hippocampus |
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Term
| Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) |
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Definition
| promotes survival and growth of the axon |
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Term
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Definition
| a programmed mechanism of cell death |
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Definition
| a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary loss of normal blood flow to the brain area |
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Term
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Definition
| the result of a blood clot or other obstruction in the artery |
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Term
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Definition
| the result of a ruptured artery |
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Term
| Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) |
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Definition
| a drug that breaks up clots |
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Definition
| a set of axons where the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex exchange information |
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Definition
| the division of labor between the two hemispheres |
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Definition
| what is visible at any moment |
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Definition
| where half the axons from each eye cross to the opposite side of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated episodes of excessive synchronized neural activity |
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Definition
| a person who has undergone the surgery of severing the corpus collosum from the cerebral cortex |
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Definition
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Definition
| dominant for recognizing emotions in others |
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Definition
| connects the anterior parts of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| connects the left and the right hippocampi |
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Term
| language acquisition device |
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Definition
| a built in mechanism for acquiring language |
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Term
| Noam Chomsky & Steven Pinker |
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Definition
| proposed the idea of the language acquisition device |
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Term
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Definition
| people with brain damage suffer impaired language production |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by poor language comprehension and impaired ability to remember the names of objects |
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