Term
| How many cells are in the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many millimeters is one micrometer? |
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Definition
| One thousandth of a millimeter |
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Term
| What is differientiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a composite cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 major parts of a cell? |
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Definition
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
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Term
| What is the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| Outer limits of a cell; they control what moves in and out of a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| "heads" for surfaces (hydrophilic) |
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Term
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Definition
| "tails" from interior (hydrophibic) |
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Term
| What is the function of cholersterol? |
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Definition
| Stabilizes the membrane and help to make it impermeable to water |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows white blood cells to "anchor" |
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Term
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Definition
| Guides white blood cells through capillary walls; important for growth of embryonic tissue and nerve cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Networks of membranes and organelles; suspended in the cytosol |
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Term
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Definition
| Free floating or connected to ER; provides structural support and enzyme activity to amino acids to form protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Connected, membrane bound sacs, canals, and vesicles; transport system |
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Term
| What is the golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
| Stack of flattened sacs; modifies, packages and delivers proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Membraneous sacs; stores substances |
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Term
| What is the mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Membraneous sac, inner membrane, outer membrane, cristae; generate energy (ATP) "power house" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Two rod-like centrioles; used to provide cilia and flagella; distributes chromosomes during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme containing sacs; break down organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Short hair like projections; propel substances on cell surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Long tail-like projections; provides mobility to sperm. |
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Term
| What are microfilaments and microtubules? |
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Definition
| Thin rods and tubules; support cytoplasm; allows for movement of organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| Dense collection of RNA and proteins; site of ribosome production |
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Term
| What is the cell nucleus? |
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Definition
| Control center of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of all the cell's chromosomes, each containing DNA wound around proteins; stores information for synthesis of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| (water molecules) momvement of water molecules causes osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| When red blood cells burst |
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Term
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Definition
| When molecules move through membranes by diffusion because of their random movements |
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Term
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Definition
- G1 - growth
- S- DNA replication
- G2- growth
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What cell cycle does cell division start in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mitotic clock
DNA at the tips of the chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Larger molecules are made from smaller ones
Requires energy
Provides the materials needed for cellular growth and repair |
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Term
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Definition
Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
Releases energy
Breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes hundreds of very specific chemical changes that must occur in particular sequences |
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Term
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Definition
Control rates of metabolic reactions
Lower activation energy needed to start reactions
Most are globular proteins with specific shapes
Not consumed in chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| The capacity to change something; it is the ability to do work |
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Term
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Definition
- heat
- light
- sound
- electrical energy
- chemical energy
- mechanical energy
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Term
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Definition
| carries energy in a form that the cell can use |
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Term
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Definition
- adenine molecule
- ribose molecule
- three phosphate molecules in a chain
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cellular Respiration happens in these 3 parts: |
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Definition
- Glycolysis
- Citric Acid cycle
- Electron Transport Chain
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Term
| What does cellular respiration produce? |
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Definition
- carbon dioxide
- water
- ATP (chemical energy)
- heat
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Term
| What are anaerobic reactions? |
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Definition
| reactions without O2 - produce little ATP |
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Term
| What are aerobic reactions? |
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Definition
| with O2 - produce most ATP |
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Term
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Definition
series of 10 reactions
breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acids and molecules
occurs in cytoplasm
anaerobic phase of cellular respiration
yields 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule |
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Term
| What is excess glucose stored as? |
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Definition
Glycogen
Fat
Lipids and proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Instructions for the cell on how to make our proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Section of our DNA that contains the complete information for making a particular protein |
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Term
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Definition
| The correspondance between a unit of DNA information and a particular amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of 2 stands of nucleotides which spiral |
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Term
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Definition
Hydrogen bonds break between bases
Double stands unwind and pull apart
New nucleotides pair with exposed bases
Controlled by DNA polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that starts replication process |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| replaces the RNA with DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragments of DNA that are laid down on lagging strand |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds the Okazaki fragments together |
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Term
| How much percent does the human genome differ from person to person? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Changes in genetic information
Result when:
Extra bases are added or deleted
Bases are changed
May or may not change the protein |
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Term
| Inborn errors of Metabolism |
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Definition
| occurs from inheriting a mutation that then alters an enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to formation of a product |
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Term
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Definition
reflect the substrate
have the suffix -ase
ex: sucrase, protease, lipase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Organic molecules that act as cofactors
Vitamins |
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Term
| Factors that alter enzymes: |
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Definition
- Heat
- Radiation
- Electricity
- Chemicals
- pH changes
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