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| the branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment |
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| the combined portions of earth in which all living things exist |
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| the members of a particular species that live in one area |
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| name 3 basic methods used by ecologists to study the living world |
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1. experimenting
2. modeling
3. observing |
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| what ecological inquiry method is used by ecologists when he or she enters an area periodically to sount the population numbers of a certain species |
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| a mathematical formula designed to predict population fluctuations in a community could be called an |
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| what is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems |
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| an organism that uses energy to product its own food supple from inorganic compounds |
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| name 1 organism that doesnt require sunlight to live |
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| all the intercorrected feeding relationships that form a network of complex interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers |
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| each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web |
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| only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. of the remaining, some is used for the organisms life processes, and the rest is |
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| a pyramid that show the amount of living tissue at each trophis level in an ecosystem |
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| why can matter be recycled through the biosphere |
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Definition
| biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it |
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Definition
| the repeated movement of water between earth's surface and the atmosphere |
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Definition
| the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air into amonia |
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| what 3 ways is carbon dioxide stored in the biosphere |
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Definition
1.in the atmosphere at carbon dioxide 2. underground as fossil fuels and calcium carbonate rocks
3. in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide |
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| what organism primarily carries out nitrogen fixation |
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Definition
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| what do organisms need nutrients for |
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| carrying out essential life functions |
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| what can happen after a lake receives a large input of a limiting nutrient |
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Definition
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| if a nutrient is in such short supply in an ecosystem that it affects an animal's growth, the |
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| substance is a limiting nutrient |
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Definition
| the average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region |
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| climate is a global factor that produces |
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Definition
| a wide range of environmental conditions that shapes communities |
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| temperatures on earth remain within a suitable range for life as we know it because of the |
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Definition
| a natural phenomenon that maintains earths temperature range |
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| earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and, thus, |
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| cool air over the poles will |
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Definition
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| why does earth have three main climate zones |
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Definition
| there are differences in latitude and, thus, the angle of heating from the sun |
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| list 3 abiotic factors in the environment |
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Definition
| rainfall, temperature, and soil type |
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| something that is a non living factor in an environment |
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| a living factor in an environment |
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| name one biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem |
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Definition
| number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem |
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| the range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which it uses those conditions |
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| several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree only because they |
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Definition
| occupy different niches within the tree |
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| a wolf pack hunts, kills, and feeds on a moose. In this interaction, the wolves are |
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| a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit in |
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Definition
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| the symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of |
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Definition
| mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food and the insect pollinates the flower |
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| the series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called |
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| what is one difference between primary and secondary succession |
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| secondary succession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces |
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| what biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost |
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Definition
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| a biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its |
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| characteristic ecological community |
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| standing-water ecosystems |
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| extends to a depth of about 200 meters |
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| list 3 things about the open ocean |
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Definition
1. low levels of nutrients
2. organisms are exposed to darkness and frigid temperatures
3. most photosynthetic activity on earth occurs in the ocean |
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| the movement of organisms into a given area from another area is called |
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