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Chapters 3-4
Chapters 3-4
38
Management
Graduate
08/27/2013

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Term
CH 3
Perception
Definition
The process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us
Term
Selective attention
Definition
the process of attending to some info rec'd by our senses and ignoring other info
Term
Categorical thinking
Definition
Organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our LT memory
Term
Mental models
Definition
Visual or relational images in our mind representing the external world
Term
Stereotyping
Definition
the process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a social category
Term
Attribution process
Definition
the perceptual process of deciding whether an observed behavior or event is caused largely by internal or external factors
Term
Fundamental attribution error
Definition
the tendency to see the person rather than the situation as the main cause of that person's behavior
Term
Self-serving bias
Definition
the tendency to attribute our favorable outcomes to internal factors and our failures to external factors
Term
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
occurs when our expectations about another person cause that person to act in a way that is consistent with those expectations
Term
Halo effect
Definition
a perceptual error whereby our general impression of a person, usually based on one prominent characteristic, colors our perception of other characteristics of that person
Term
Primary effect
Definition
a perceptual error in which we quickly form an opinion of people based on the first info we receive about them
Term
Recency effect
Definition
a perceptual error in which the most recent info dominates our perception of others
Term
False-consensus effect
Definition
a perceptual error in which we overestimate the extent to which others have beliefs and characteristics similar to our own
Term
Johari Window
Definition
a model of mutual understanding that encourages disclosure and feedback to increase our own open area and reduce the blind, hidden, & unknown areas
Term
Empathy
Definition
a person's understanding of & sensitivity to the feelings, thoughts, and situation of others
Term
Learning
Definition
a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of a person's interaction with the environment
Term
Tacit knowledge
Definition
knowledge embedded in our actions and ways of thinking, and transmitted only through observation & experience
Term
Behavior modification
Definition
a theory that explains learning in terms of the antecedents and consequences of behavior
Term
Social learning theory
Definition
a theory stating that much learning occurs by observing others & then modeling the behaviors that lead to favorable outcomes & avoiding behaviors that lead to punishing consequences
Term
Self-reinforcement
Definition
occurs whenever an EE has control over a reinforce but doesn't "take" it until completing a self-set goal
Term
Learning orientation
Definition
the extent to which an org or individual supports knowledge mgmt., particularly opportunities to acquire knowledge through experience & experimentation
Term
CH 4
Emotions
Definition
physiological, behavioral, and psychological episodes experienced toward an object, person, or event that create a state of readiness
Term
Attitudes
Definition
the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and behavioral intentions toward a person, object or event
Term
Cognitive dissonance
Definition
occurs when we perceive an inconsistency between our beliefs, feelings & behavior
Term
Emotional labor
Definition
the effort, planning & control needed to express organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions
Term
Emotional dissonance
Definition
the conflict between required & true emotions
Term
Emotional intelligence
Definition
the ability to monitor our own & others feelings & emotions, to discriminate between them & to use this info to guide our thinking & actions
Term
Exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model
Definition
the 4 ways noted in title, that EE's respond to job dissatisfaction
Term
Org (affective) commitment
Definition
an EE's emotional attachment to, ID with, & involvement in a particular org
Term
Continuance commitment
Definition
an EE's calculative attachment to the org, whereby an EE is motivated to stay only because leaving w/b costly
Term
Trust
Definition
positive expectations 1 person has toward another person in situations involving risk
Term
Stress
Definition
an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person's well-being
Term
General adaptation syndrome
Definition
a model of the stress experience, consisting of 3 stages: Alarm reaction; Resistance; Exhaustion
Term
Stressors
Definition
any environmental conditions that place a physical or emotional demand on the person
Term
psychological harassment
Definition
repeated & hostile or unwanted conduct, verbal comments, actions or gestures that affect and EE's dignity or psychological or physical integrity & that result in a harmful work environment for the EE
Term
Sexual harassment
Definition
unwelcomed conduct of a sexual nature that detrimentally affects the work environment or leads to adverse job-related consequences for its victims
Term
Resilience
Definition
the capability of individuals to cope successfully in the face of significant change, adversity or risk
Term
Workaholic
Definition
a person who is highly involved in work, feels compelled to work & has a low enjoyment of work
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