Term
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Definition
| Teaching that maximizes student learning |
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Term
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Definition
| A statement that specifies what students should know or be able to do with respect to a topic or course of study |
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| The area of learning that focuses on memory and higher cognitive processes such as applying and analyzing |
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| the process of breaking content into component parts and sequencing the parts |
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Definition
| Remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, create |
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Term
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Definition
| The match between learning objectives, learning activities, and assessments |
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Term
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Definition
| statements that describe what students should know or be able to do at the end of a prescribed period of study |
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Term
| essential teaching skills |
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Definition
| basic abilities that all teachers, including those in their first year of teaching, should possess to maximize student learning |
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Term
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Definition
| teacher talk that omits vague terms from explanations and responses to students' questions |
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Definition
| instruction that is thematic and leads to a point |
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Term
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Definition
| verbal statements indicating that one idea is ending and another is beginning |
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Term
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Definition
| verbal and vocal cues that alert students to important information in a lesson |
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Term
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Definition
| the result of stimuli that teachers use to maintain attention during learning activities |
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Term
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Definition
| information learners receive about the accuracy or appropriateness of their verbal responses and written work |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of questions a teacher asks during a learning activity |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of calling on all the students in a class as equally as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| an additional question or statement teachers use to elicit an appropriate student response after a student fails to answer correctly |
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Term
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Definition
| the period of silence that occurs both before and after calling on a student |
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Term
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Definition
| a summary that helps students link what they have already learned to what will follow in the next learning activity |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of review occuring at the end of a lesson |
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Term
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Definition
| prescriptive approaches to teaching designed to help students acquire a deep understanding of specific forms of knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| an instructional model designed to teach well-defined knowledge and skills needed for later learning |
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Term
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Definition
| an instructional model designed to help students acquire organized bodies of knowledge |
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Term
| organized bodies of knowledge |
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Definition
| topics that connect facts, concepts, and principles, and make the relationships among them explicit |
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Term
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Definition
| a model of instruction that involves teachers' scaffolding students' construction of concepts and the relationships among them |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of instructional models in which students work in mixed-ability groups to reach specific learning and social interaction objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| all the processes involved in making decisions about students' learning progress |
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Term
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Definition
| assessment that is a process designed to support and increase learning |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of assessment designed to provide teachers with information about students' prior knowledge and misconceptions before beginning a learning activity |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which an assessment actually measures what it is supposed to measure |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which assessments are consistent and free from errors of measurement |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of gathering incidental information about learning progress or other aspects of students' behavior, and making decisions based on that information |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of systematically gathering the same kind of information from every student |
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Term
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Definition
| a paper-and-pencil format that consists of a question or statement, called a stem, and a series of answer choices called distracters |
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Term
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Definition
| incorrect choices in multiple-choice items used to identify common student misconceptions about the topic being assessed |
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Term
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Definition
| a paper-and-pencil format that requires learners to classify a series of examples using the same alternatives |
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Term
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Definition
| a paper-and-pencil format that includes statements of varying complexity that learners judge as being correct or incorrect |
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Term
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Definition
| A paper-and-pencil format that includes a question or an incomplete statement that requires the learner to supply appropriate words, numbers, or symbols |
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Term
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Definition
| a paper-and-pencil format that requires students to make extended written responses to questions or problems |
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Term
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Definition
| a scoring scale that describes criteria for grading |
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Definition
| direct examinations of student performance on tasks that are relevant to life outside of school. |
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Definition
| the process of specifying criteria for acceptable performance in an activity and taking notes based on the criteria |
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Definition
| written descriptions of dimensions that must be present in an acceptable performance of an activity |
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Term
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Definition
| written descriptions of the dimensions of an acceptable performance and scales of values on which each dimension is rated |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of selecting collections of student work that both students and teachers evaluate using preset criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| a matrix that helps teachers organize learning objectives by cognitive level or content area |
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Term
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Definition
| an unpleasant emotional reaction to testing situations that can lower performance |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of using both informal and formal assessments to provide students with feedback about learning progress, but not using the assessment information to make decisions about grading |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of assessing after instruction and using the results for making grading decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| a grading system in which teachers base assessment decisions about an individual's work on comparisons with the work of peers |
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Term
| criterion-referenced grading |
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Definition
| a grading system in which teachers make assessment decisions according to a predetermined standard |
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Term
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Definition
| assessment measures that include projects and performance assessment |
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