Term
| Wild Mustard is the ancestor to... |
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Definition
| Kale, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, and Kohlrabi which are all "made" by MAN. |
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Term
| 3 key points about EVOLUTION are... |
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Definition
1. Although natural selection occurs through interactions between individual organisms and their environment, individuals do not evolve.
- Evolution refers to the generations-to-generation “changes” in populations
2. Natural selection can amplify or diminish only heritable traits. Modifications that happen in an organisms phenotype during tits life are not passed on to its offspring
-only those “changes that were in its genome can be passed on to offspring.
3. Evolution is not goal directed. It does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. (ex: sickle cell…come mutations are better and some worse)
-The environment is very different from place to place, so a trait that is favored in one environment might be selected against in a different environment. |
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| Approximately __% of American's do not believe in evolution is a viable hypothesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Smaller changes constantly occurring in the genotype through time. (can occur in a single generation, but cannot always be easily seen in the phenotype) religious fundamentalists say this is a possibility |
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Definition
| Larger changes visible in phenotype through time (may take several generations for changes to be easily seen in the phenotype) |
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Definition
| It is the gene for controlling heart chamber formation. This gene is also implicated in human congenital heart disease, (in fact that is how the actual gene was found.) |
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Term
| Where are plasmids found? |
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Definition
| Inside a Prokaryotic cells only! |
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Term
| What are "Pharm" Animals? |
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Definition
| Pharmaceutical; Animals, Transgenic organisms, and GMO's that have been pharmaceutically altered. |
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Term
| What happens to genetically altered plants and animals? |
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Definition
| They become infertile and cannot produce offspring. |
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Term
| Phosphate functional group is ____ charged in DNA fragments, making the fragments ___ in the Gel Electrophoresis where the lighter the fragments are the ____ they sink to the (positively charged) bottom |
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Definition
| Negatively; Sink; Deeper. |
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Term
| What does STR stand for and what it it's nickname? |
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Definition
| Short Tandem Repeats, "Junk DNA" |
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Term
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Definition
| the 23,000 genes that make up a human (1.5%) (Regions of genes coding for protein or giving ride to rRNA or tRNA) |
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Term
| Which gene in all humans is broken? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the GULO gene do? |
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Definition
| it (Should) make Vitamin C |
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Term
| What does ERV's Stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function to the FOXP2 gene? |
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Definition
| Speech development in humans and song development in birds (basically the gene that helps species communicate to one another) |
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Term
| Gene expression occurs in.... |
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Definition
| All organisms, and all cells, in the exact same way. |
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Term
| Difference in genotypes lead to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Was Charles Darwin the first individual to argue that evolution species can occur? |
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Definition
| NO! Anaximander was the first individual to argue it. |
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Term
| When did Charles Darwin first have his "idea" about Natural Selection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Darwin Published his book in... |
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Definition
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Term
| When did Darwin go on his trip around the world? |
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Definition
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Definition
| (Principles of Geology book)-He stated that the Earth was possibly millions of years old instead of the thousands it was thought to be around Darwin's time. |
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Definition
| He also had the idea of Natural Selection and sent a letter to Darwin. He is the Co-Presenter of the idea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Economist. Darwin read his book which gave him the "idea" of Natural Selection. |
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Term
| When did Lamarck, a biologist before Darwin's time, make the "Inheritance of acquired characteristics"? |
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Definition
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Term
Aristotle (Species "Perfect" and "Permanent")
Anaximander (Species change through time; water animal's first then land animals later)
(how many years ago?) |
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Definition
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Term
| Transcription and Translation are the 2 stanges of what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Amino acids are being brought into the ribosome by tRNA and then connected together, then the tRNA exits the ribosome and collects another amino acids to bring them in to continue to make a longer connection of amino acids. |
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Term
| What is the ending result of the 2 stages of protein synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can the 2 stages of protein synthesis occur in viruses? |
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Definition
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Term
| the RNA polymerase is made of.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Coded information in DNA and RNA in groups of 3 (AGU, CGA, AUG,...) |
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Term
| DNA Triplets have thymine in their stands. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A change at the genetic level |
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Term
| Normal hemoglobin has ___ amino acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 kinds of RNA? |
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Definition
- mRNA --Messanger= longest, straight, narrow, 1 nucleotide wide about 500 nucleotides
- tRNA -- Transfer= Convoluted, 50-100 nucleotides
- rRNA –-Ribosome= thickest 500-1000 nucleotides |
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Definition
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Definition
| a chemical reaction that makes a copy of the gene |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who deduces the structure of the DNA molecule and when? |
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Definition
| Watson, Crick, and Franklin in 1953. |
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Term
| The length of a person telomeres (on the tips of the DNA) determines what? |
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Definition
| How long a person will live. |
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Term
| How do viruses reproduce themselves? |
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Definition
| A cell grabs it (mistaking it for food) and the cell ends up making more of the virus by mistake. |
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Term
| What are viruses made up of? |
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Definition
| Proteins on the outside and DNA or RNA on the inside. |
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Term
| Do Viruses have a ribosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the replication of CATCCAATT? |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA polymerase allowed DNA nucleotides to attach on both side during replication, but RNA polymerase only allows ____ to occure on one side of the DNA strand. |
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Definition
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