Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapters 1 and 2
Glossary terms
111
Immunology
Professional
01/22/2011

Additional Immunology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Probiotics
Definition
Microbes that have therapeutic use.
Term
Hematopoiesis
Definition
Make whit and red blood cells.
Term
Goblet cells
Definition
Epithelial cells covered with mucus.
Term
Defensins
Definition
Molecules that damage microbial membranes.
Term
Lysozyme
Definition
Breaks down peptidoglycan.
Term
Reg3 Gamma
Definition
Antimicrobial peptide produced by paneth cells.
Term
Commensal Microbes
Definition
The aggregate microbial population that inhabits a person/physical area.
Term
Clostridium difficle
Definition
A type of bacteria that can colonize after antibiotic overuse destroys the normal flora.
Term
Complement
Definition
Blood borne proteins that tag pathogens or attack them directly.
Term
Effector cell
Definition
Engulf bacteria, kill virus infeced cells or attack them directly.
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
Process by which extracellular material is taken up.
Term
Inflammation
Definition
Local accumulation of fluid and cells involved in the immune response.
Term
Extravasation
Definition
Movement of cells and fluids into connective tissue.
Term
Cytokines
Definition
Signalin molecules of innate and adaptive immunity involved in inflammation and other immune responses.
Term
Selectins
Definition
Adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial cells.
Term
Sepsis
Definition
Inflammation gone wrong. Results from the body's systemic over-response to infection.
Term
Clonal Amplification
Definition
Phathogen recognizing lymphocyte is amplified.
Term
Immunological memory
Definition
How a lymphocyte can remember a pathogen after coming in contact with it once.
Term
Pluripotent Stem Cell
Definition
Can differentiate into any other type of cell.
Term
HSC
Definition
Any white or red blood cell.
Term
Myeloid Lineage
Definition
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocyte/Macrophage, Dendritic, Mast Cells
Term
Neutrophils
Definition
most abundant, phagocyte, effector cells of innate immunity, short-lived pus
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
worms/intestinal parasites, amplify inflammation, Bind IgE, very toxic-pathogen and host, chronic asthma
Term
Basophils
Definition
rare, unknown function, Bind to IgE
Term
Monocyte
Definition
Circulate in blood, bigger than PMLs, look similar, immature form of macrophage.
Term
Macrophage
Definition
Scavengers, phogcytose pathogens, cells, and debris, secrete cytokines
Term
Dendritic Cell
Definition
Star-shaped cell found in tissue, cellular messenger adn carries cargo, dendrites are the main feature, activate T cells in the lymph node
Term
Mast Cell
Definition
Connective tissue, granules, degranulation major contributer to inflammation and allergies.
Term
Lymphoid Lineage Cells
Definition
Large lymphocytes-NK cells
Small lymphocytes-B and T cells
Term
Natural Killer Cells
Definition
large lymphocyte with granular cytoplasm, effector cell of innate immunity
Term
Innate Immunity
Definition
Kill viral infected cells, secrete cytokines that interfere with virus infections
Term
Small lymphocytes
Definition
Adaptive IR, small and immature, activated by pathogen, B and T cells
Term
Erythroid Lineage
Definition
Megakaryocyte, erthrocyte
Term
Megakaryocyte
Definition
Giant nucleus, resident of bone marrow, fusion of precursor cells, fragments to make platelets.
Term
Erythrocyte
Definition
gas transport, Infected by Plasmodium falciparum
Term
Primary Lymph System
Definition
Thymus and bone marrow
Term
Secondary Lymph System
Definition
Thoracic duct, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes
Term
Lymph nodes
Definition
Junctions of vesicles
Term
Thymus
Definition
Site of T cell development
Term
Bone Marrow
Definition
The site of WBC productionx
Term
Spleen
Definition
Blood filtering organ, removes old/damaged red cells.
Term
GALT
Definition
Gut-associated lymph tissue.
Term
Visicular
Definition
ER and Vesicles
Term
Complement
Definition
A collection of proteins that work together to tag pathogens for opsonization, destruction, and recruit inflammatory molecules.
Term
Protease Cascade
Definition
Activation of zymogens and amplification of signal.
Term
Complement fixation
Definition
Attachement of complement to pathogen surface.
Term
Alternative Complement Pathway
Definition
Pathogen surface creases local environment conducive to complement activation.
Term
Lectin (MBL) Pathway
Definition
Mannose-binding lectin binds to pathogen surface.
Term
Classical (CRP) Pathway
Definition
C-reactive protein or antibody binds to specific antigen on the pathogen surface.
Term
C3 Convertase
Definition
ability to convert C3
Term
D
Definition
Cleaves B into Bb and Ba
Term
iC3Bb
Definition
complex cleaves C3
Term
iC3
Definition
binds to B
Term
iC3bBb
Definition
cleaves C3
Term
Complement Control Proteins
Definition
Properdin, Factor H and I, and CD59
Term
Properdin
Definition
stabilizes C3bBb
Term
Factor H and I
Definition
inactivates C3b
Term
CD59
Definition
Binds to MAC and stops polymerization.
Term
DAF
Definition
decay-accelearting factor
Term
MCP
Definition
Membrane co-factor protein
Term
CR1
Definition
Is on a macrophage and binds to C3b on pathogen.
Term
Phagolysosome
Definition
Degrades pathogen/toxin
Term
Anaphylatoxins
Definition
Induce inflammatory response. Bind to receptors on phagocytes, mast cells, neutrophils adn endothelial cells.
Term
C3a and C5a
Definition
Increase vascular permeability and increases access to bacteria adn recruits immune cells.
Term
Degranulation
Definition
Caused by anaphylatoxins to mast cells and basophils
Term
Histamine
Definition
release increases vasopermeability.
Term
Coagulation System
Definition
Includes plasma enzymes and platelets.
Term
alpha2-macroglobulins
Definition
Inactivate bacterial proteases.
Term
Defensins
Definition
Antimicrobial peptides that are 35-40 amino acids long.
Term
Ampipathic
Definition
Punch holes in membranes.
Term
alpha-defensins
Definition
neutrophils and paneth cells
Term
Beta-defensins
Definition
epithelial cells
Term
Paneth cells
Definition
Provide host defense against microbes in the small intestine.
Term
Macrophages
Definition
long-lived, reside in tissue, early response
Term
Lectins
Definition
Receptors and plasma proteins that recognize carbohydrates.
Term
Scavenger Receptor
Definition
recognizes negatively charged ligands
Term
Types of Lectins
Definition
Mannose receptor, Glucan receptor, and CD14
Term
Toll-like Receptors
Definition
Innate receptor family with ability to detect and signal presence of pathogens.
Term
Leucine Rich Repeat
Definition
The pathogen-recognition domain is a repeating unit (extracytoplamic)
Term
Toll-interleukin Domain
Definition
Cytoplamic TLR
Term
TLR4
Definition
Recognizes LPS with help from MD2 adn CD14, adn initiates kinase cascade that results in transcription factor translocation.
Term
MD2 and CD14
Definition
Helps TLR4 recognized LPS.
Term
NFkB
Definition
Transcription factor involved in initiating the kinase cascade.
Term
NEMO
Definition
IKKy x-chromosome gene that helps in bacterial infectiosn.
Term
Type I Interferons
Definition
Help defend agains viral and intracellular bacteria.
Term
TNF-a
Definition
Inflammatory cytokines, helps defend againgst extracellular bacteria.
Term
IL-6
Definition
Inflammatory cytokines, help defend against extracellular bacteria.
Term
Chemokines
Definition
cytokines that are chemoattractants.
Term
CXCL8
Definition
A chemokine
Term
Adhesion Molecule
Definition
Selectins and Addressins
Term
Selectins
Definition
bind to carbohydrates
Term
Addressins
Definition
large family binds to proteins
Term
Diapedesis
Definition
Passage of cell through gaps in the blood vessel endothelial cells.
Term
Rolling Adhesion
Definition
Includes P-selectin and S-Lewis
Term
P-selectin
Definition
Endothelial cell molecule involved in rolling adhesion.
Term
S-Lewis
Definition
Leukocyte molecule involeved in rolling adhesion.
Term
ICAM1
Definition
Endothelial cell thigh binding adhesion.
Term
LFA-1
Definition
Leukocyte involved in tight binding adhesion and diapedesis.
Term
CR3
Definition
Involved in diapedesis.
Term
Acute-phase Response
Definition
secretion of plasma protein from hepatocytes
Term
IL-1, IL-6, and TNFa
Definition
Involved in acute-phase response
Term
Mannose-binding Lectin
Definition
15-18 binding sites, does not bind to single mannose residues on human cells but multiple residues on pathogens.
Term
MASP-2
Definition
self-cleaves
Term
Classical C3 convertase, C4b2a
Definition
Formed by C2a binding to surface of C4b, it also cleaves C3
Term
C-reactive Protein (CRP)
Definition
Binds to phosphocholin on pathogen, results in convergence of classical and lectin pathways.
Term
Type I interferons
Definition
Respond to viral infected cells by changing expression of host genes.
Term
TLR3
Definition
Senses viral RNA
Term
IL-12
Definition
activates sectreiong of cytokines by Natural killer cells.
Term
Interferon-y
Definition
Sectreted to activate macrophages.
Term
Paracrine
Definition
Response caused by Type I Interferons.
Term
Autocrine
Definition
Response caused by Type 1 interferon.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!