Term
|
Definition
| The process of change that has transformed life on Earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The scientific study of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simpler and usually smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Domain Bacteria and Doman Archaea are prokaryotes. Domain Eukarya includes eukaryotes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio |
|
|
Term
| Elements essential to life |
|
Definition
| Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up 96% of living matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those required by an organism in minute quantities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element |
|
|
Term
| Parts of an atom (subatomic particles) |
|
Definition
| Neutrons (no charge), Protons (positive charge), Electrons (negative charge) |
|
|
Term
| Neutron mass and proton mass are measured in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of protons in its nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atom's total mass; can be approximated by the mass number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electron’s state of potential energy is called its energy level, or electron shell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Valence electrons are those in the outermost shell, or valence shell. The chemical behavior of an atom is mostly determined by the valence electrons. Elements with a full valence shell are chemically inert. |
|
|
Term
| The chemical behavior of an atom is mostly determined by ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atoms with incomplete valence shells can share or transfer valence electrons with certain other atoms. These interactions usually result in atoms staying close together, held by attractions called chemical bonds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms. In a covalent bond, the shared electrons count as part of each atom’s valence shell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Single covalent bond aka single bond is the sharing of one pair or valence electrons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A double covalent bond aka double bond, is the sharing of two pairs of valence electrons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electronegativity is an atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond. The more electronegative an atom, the more strongly it pulls shared electrons toward itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
