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chapter6
pathophysiology
41
Health Care
Professional
01/29/2009

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Term
pathophysiology
Definition
the study of the function of the organism in the presance of suffering/ disease.
Term
etiology
Definition
the cause of a disease process
Term
organelles
Definition
internal cellular structurs that carryout spefic functions for the cell
Term
mitochondria
Definition
the metaboilc center of powerhouse of cell. they are small and rodshaped organelles.
Term
nucleus
Definition
a cellular oeganelle that contains the gentic information. controlls the function and structure of a cell
Term
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Definition
responisble fro controlling the cellular activities.
Term
epithelium
Definition
the covering to the external surfaces of the body. this tissue also lines hollow organs within the body such as athe intestines
Term
endothelial cells
Definition
theese cells regulate the flow of blood through the vessel as well as coagulation
Term
corrective tissue
Definition
binds the other types of issues together.
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
a special type of connective tissue which contains large amounts of lipids
Term
peripheral nerves
Definition
All of the nervers which extend from the brain and spinal coard, existing from between the vetebre to various parts of he body.
Term
dendrites
Definition
recieves the electrical impulses from the axons of other nerve cells and conduct them towards the cell body
Term
axons
Definition
conducts impulses away from the cell body.
Term
homeostasis
Definition
a tenency to condtancy or stability in the bodys internal enviroment
Term
ligands
Definition
molecules that are either produced by the body (endogenous) or given as a drug (exogenous) and that bind to any receptor anywhere leading to any reaction.ex hormones neurotransmitters and electrolytes.
Term
hormones
Definition
substances that are formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and then carried to another organ or group or cells and then carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organisum to perform regulatory functions.
Term
endocrine hormones
Definition
hormones carried to their target organ or cell group in the blood ex thyroid hormones.
Term
exocrine hormones
Definition
hormones that reach their targert via a spefic duct that opens into an organ. ex stomach acids and perspiration.
Term
paracrine hormones
Definition
hoemones that are3 diffused through intracellular spaces to reach their target. EX histamines, and hourmones that are released during allergic and inflammatory reactions.
Term
autocrine hormones
Definition
hormones that act on the cell it is secreted from.
Term
neurotransmitters
Definition
proteins that affect siginals between the cells of the nervous system.
Term
atrophy
Definition
a decrease in cell size due to a loss of subcellular componets. in turn leads to a decrease in size of the tissue and organ.
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
increase in the actual number of of cells due to synthesis of more subcellular componets. which in turn leads to an increase in the tissues and organs size.
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
an increase in the actual number of cells in an organ or tissue. usually reaulting in an increase in the cell size
Term
dysplasia
Definition
an alteration in the size shape and organization of cells
Term
metaplasia
Definition
reversible cellular adaptation in which the adult cell is replaced by another adult cell type
Term
hypertonic solution
Definition
a solution that has a higher solute concertration and a higher osotonic preassure
Term
hypotonic soultion
Definition
a solution which has a lower solute concretation and has a lower osmotic soultion.
Term
isotonic soultions
Definition
soultions with the same solute concentration.
Term
Renin- angiotensin- aldosterone system
Definition
feedback mechanism responsable for the regulation of sodium in the kidney's
Term
tonicity
Definition
the tension exerted on a cell due to water movement across the cell membrane.
Term
hypernatremia
Definition
clinically defined as serum sodium level higher then 148 meq/l a serum osmolarity greater then 295mosm/kg
Term
hyponatremia
Definition
a serum sodium level less then 135meq/l ans a serum osmolarity less then 280 mosm/kg
Term
hypokalemia
Definition
a decreased serum potassium level
Term
hyperkalemia
Definition
an elevuated serum potassium level
Term
hypocalcemia
Definition
a decrease in serum calcium
Term
hypercalcemia
Definition
an increase in serum calcium
Term
hypophosphatemia
Definition
a decrease in phosphate levels
Term
hyperphosphatemia
Definition
a increas in phosphate levels
Term
hypomagnesemia
Definition
a decreased in magnesium levels
Term
hypermagnesemia
Definition
an increase in maganasium levels
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