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chapter14
progressive neurological disorders
11
Pathology
Professional
07/15/2014

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Term
atrophy
Definition
a wasting of tissue that results in decrease muscle mass
Term
brainstem
Definition
connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord and includes mid brain, medulla oblongata, and the pons.
Term
corticobulbar
Definition
refers to the pathway connecting the cerebral cortex to the brainstem.
Term
corticospinal
Definition
(also referred to as pyramidal tracts)are descending tracts which conduct motor impulses form the brain to the spinal cord
Term
demyelination
Definition
destruction, removal, or loss od myelin sheath of a nerve or nerves
Term
dopamine
Definition
neurotransmitter that helps regulate movement and emotional response; a deficiency results in Parkinson's
Term
electroencephalogram
Definition
record obtained during the amplification, recording, and subsequent analysis of the electrical activity of the brain using an instrument called an electroencephalograph
Term
Lou Gehrig's Disease
Definition
common name for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (AML) which is fatal, progressive, degenerative motor neuron disease in which scars form on the neurons in the corticospial pathways, the motor nuclei of the brainstem, and the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord
Term
Lower motor neuron
Definition
injury to the ventral horn of the spinal cord results in lower motor neuron damage, sign include focal and multi-focal weakness, atrophy cramps, and muscle twitching as well as flaccid paralysis with loss of movement, tone, and reflex activity
Term
neurodegenerative disease
Definition
refers to degeneration of nervous tissue
Term
substantial nigra
Definition
located in the basil ganglia, this structures produces dopamine, a neurotransmitter, and transports it to the striatum
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