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| collective body of beliefs, ideals, and values of how people of culture make sense of the world |
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| collective body of ideas how people shape and make substance of their reality |
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organized system of ideas about spiritual sphere or supernatural
-include ceremonial practices interpretting and influencing aspects out of their control |
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a sacred narrative explaining the fundamentals of human existence
we everything came from, why we're here, where we're going |
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| one's understanding of the universe, its form, and its works |
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| belief in only one powerful deity |
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| belief in multiple gods/deities/goddesses |
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a collection of gods/goddesses of a specific culture
Greek and Hinduism have a collection of deities = pantheon |
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Amimism
((belief in distinct spirit beings)) |
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belief that nature is enlivened, energized by spirits separated from physical bodies
-souls and ghosts are thought to dwell in new-born humans, animals, plants, artifacts, or features in nature
souls may be pleased or irritated ((we are one with nature)) |
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Animatism
((lack of particular substance/individual form)) |
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transferring of energy
belief that nature is enlivened or energized by an IMPERSONAL FORCE or SUPERNATURAL ENERGY |
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full-time relgious specialist formally recognized for their role in guiding religious practices
contact and influence supernatural pwoers |
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part-time medical and religious role in society
usually in band/tribes
person who AT WILL enters altered state of consciousness to contact/utilize hidden reality to acquire knowledge, power, and to help others |
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principle of leadership which divine authority passes down from a spiritual figure
to prophet, or saint, or chain of successors, etc. |
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| Anthropomorphize the divine |
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Definition
giving human attributes and form to a diety
-i.e. God's depiction of a male form |
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expert anthropologist on shamanism
student of Alfred Kroeber
studied in Schuar of Ecuador ((Jivaro tribe)) |
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culturally prescribed act/procedure designed to guide members of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective transitions
rituals for purification
i.e. rights of passages, magical rituals, witchcraft |
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| culturally prescribed avoidances involving ritual prohibitions which may lead to supernatural punishment |
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| symbolic act carried out by an individual to establish/restore purity after VIOLATING TABOO |
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ritual of an important ceremonial moment when members of society move from one social stage to another
i.e. birth, marriage, death, etc.. |
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| RItes of Passage: 3 Stages |
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Definition
SEPARATION (pre-liminary): removal of individual from day to day society
TRANSITION (liminary): period of ritual ISOLATION
INCORPORATION (post-liminary): formal return and readmission back into society wth NEW status |
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ritual that takes place during a crisis in the life of the groups
-serves to bind individuals together
i.e. when an individual passes within a community or during seasons of harvest |
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| formulas and actions used to compel supernatural powers to act in certain ways for GOOD and EVIL purposes |
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| Imitative Magic (sympathetic Magic) |
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like comes from like
not in contact with ANOTHER but doing magic on them from afar |
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having PHYSICAL Remanents to harm the owner (voodoo-like)
i.e. gathering person's nails, hair, or teeth |
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A magical procedure or spiritual ritual designed to interpret what is unknowable to the ordinary
foretelling the future
i.e. throwing sand and studying its patterns or the patterns smoke flows to predict future natural events |
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| magical rituals intended to cause misfortune or inflict harm |
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a devotion in motion
traveling, often by foot, to a sacred or holy site to reach enlightenment, prove devotion, and or experience a miracle
i.e. 1.8 million muslims to Mecca in Saudi Arabia |
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change forms, sorcerer, curse
changes from human to animal form embedding a curse on someone |
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Sefi Suma
((pg. 310 Fig 13.10)) |
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prayer dance: by dancing, soul freed to commune with divine
Mystical Muslim Movement
dervish = doorway ((entrance from material to spiritual world)) |
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making objects spiritually symbolic
i.e. Wine is Jesus blood, and bread/wafer is Jesus' body |
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destroying another cultures SACRED SITE
intended to inflict harm on others believed to have impure, false, or even evil beliefs and practices |
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enlarged dramatic tomb for significant person/figure in culture
i.e. saints, or kings |
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canonized saint by Pope John Paul II in 2002
in 1531, was approached by Virgin Mary / Lady of Guadalupe cult
spoke in Nahuatl (aztec language) |
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