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| A collection of papyrus sheets (some in the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin, the rest at the University of Michigan) that date from about the year 200. They contain our earliest copy of many books of the New Testament. |
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| The study of the nature and work of Christ. This field of study considers what it means to talk about Jesus Christ as human or divine (or both) and defines what the ministry and death of Christ accomplished. |
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| A manuscript in the form of a modern book. The codex has individual leaves for pages, rather than being a continuous roll as a scroll was. |
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| [from outside source] Codex Sinaiticus is one of the most important books in the world. Handwritten well over 1600 years ago, the manuscript contains the Christian Bible in Greek, including the oldest complete copy of the New Testament. |
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| Fourth-century codex of the Bible housed in the Vatican. It is one of the most reliable manuscripts for books of the New Testament. However, books at both the beginning and the end of the Bible are missing from this codex. |
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| A person whose occupation is to replicate documents by hand so that multiple copies are available. |
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| A type of translation in which the translator tries to convey the original meaning of the originating text and does not concern him/herself with retaining much of the original wording. Its opposite is the Formal Correspondence. |
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| A type of translation in which the translator tries to stay as close to a word-for-word translation as possible. Its opposite is Dynamic Equivalence. |
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| Translation of the Bible into English in 1611. It becomes the standard English translation through the first half of the twentieth century. |
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| The standard text of the Hebrew Bible that comes from the scholars known as the Masoretes, who meticulously copied the text to preserve its integrity. They also added the vowels and accents to make the text easier to read and understand. |
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| An ancient writing material (much like paper) made from the stem of a thick wetlands plant, called papyrus. The earliest extant copies of New Testament books were written on papyrus. |
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| The field of biblical studies that tries to establish the earliest possible wording of the biblical texts. This dicipline also is able to trace the ways theological ideas developed as they note how they influenced copyists to make alterations in the biblical texts. |
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| A Greek text produced in 1516 by the scholar Erasmus. It is based mostly on the Byzantine textual family, which most textual critics do not think is among the most reliable families of textual traditions. This edition of the Greek text, however, became the basis for the 1611 King James Version. Recent discoveries and the methods of textual criticism indicate that this text contains many errors and some major additions to the text. |
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| A manuscript written in all capital letters. |
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