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Chapter Three Key Terms
Holt Florida Biology Text Book
28
Biology
8th Grade
09/09/2007

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Term
Light Microscope
Definition
Microscope that uses a beam light passing through one or more lenses to magnify an object

Magnifies up to 2000X
Term
Electron Microscope
Definition
microscope that focuses a beam of electrons to to magnify objects

Magnifies up to 200,000X
Term
Magnification
Definition
increase of an object's apparent size by using lenses and mirrors
Term
Resolution
Definition
in microscopes, the ability to form images with fine detail
Term
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Definition
uses a needle-like probe to measure differences in voltage caused by elecrons that leak, or tunnel, from the surface of the object being viewed
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of all organisms.
3. All cells arise from existing cells.
***AND***
Each cell in a multicellular organism as a specific job.
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Phospholipid layer covering a cell's surface; acts as barrier between inside and outside of cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
liquid inner region of cell where the cytoskeleton and all other organelles, excepting the nucleus, are included.
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
cytoplasmic network of protein filamnts that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division.
Term
ribosome
Definition
cell organelle composed of RNA and protein, site of protein synthesis
Term
prokaryote
Definition
Single celled organism without a Nucleus adn cell organelles
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Organism with a nucleus and other organelles
Term
cell wall
Definition
PLANTS ONLY

rigid structure surrounding surrounding cell membrane; provides support
Term
Flagellum
Definition
long hair like sturcture that grows out of cell and enables cell movement
Term
Nucleus
Definition
membrane bound organelle containing cell's DNA and takes part in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
Term
organelle
Definition
one of the small bodies found in the cytoplasm of a cell; specialized to perform a specific function
Term
cilium
Definition
hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells
Term
Phospholipid
Definition
lipid containing phospherous and that is a structural component in cell membranes
Term
lipid bilayer
Definition
basic stucture of cell membrane, composed ot two layers of phospholipids
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
system of membranes found in cell's cytoplasm, assists in production/processsing of of protein and production of lipids
Term
vesicle
Definition
small cavity or sac containing materials in a eukaryotic cell

Forms when part of a membrane surrounds materials to be taken in the cell or transported into the cell.
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
cell organelle that helps package materials to be transported out of cell
Term
lysosome
Definition
organelle containing digestive enzymes
Term
mitochondrion
Definition
EUKARYOTIC CELLS:
surrounded by two membranes, is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP (energy)
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
PLANT AND ALGAE CELLS

Where photosynthesis occurs
Term
Central Vacuole
Definition
cavity or sac that contains air or partially digested food, large in plants
Term
receptor protein
Definition
recognizes and binds to substances outside of cell
Term
carrier protein
Definition
carries substance across cell membrane
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