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| An Empirical Approach and A Skeptical Attitude |
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| Two important characteristics of the scientific method |
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| an abstract concept that refers to the ways in which questions are asked and the logic and methods used to gain answers. |
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| Three contexts of Science |
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| historical, social-cultural, and moral contexts |
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| Levels of Psychological Impact |
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| Individual, Family, and Society |
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| Carefully designed and executed research |
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| To be effective, psychologists must build upon a foundation of carefully designed and executed research. |
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| relies on direct observation and experimentation for answering questions, critical for developing the science of psychology. |
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| a key factor in the shift from behaviorism to cognitive psychology as the dominant theme in psychological inquiry |
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| 1879, Wilhelm Wundt, Germany |
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| The official beginning of psychology |
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| Using the empirical approach, psychologists focused on behaviors and experiences that could be... |
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| Social and cultural context |
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| influences researcher's choice of topics, society's acceptance of findings, and the locations in which research takes place. |
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| occurs when people's views of another culture are biased by the framework or lens of their own culture. |
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| prevailing context or spirit of the times |
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| one way to help us avoid studying only one dominant culture and to remind us that we need to be careful to use cultural lenses beyond our own in our research. |
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| Moral context of research |
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| demands that researchers maintain the highest standards of ethical behavior. |
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| guides research and helps researchers to evaluate ethical dilemmas such as the risks and benefits associated with deception and the use of animals in research |
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| A key component of any research that uses deception |
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| "think like a researcher" |
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| involves being skeptical regarding claims about the causes of behavior and mental processes, even those that are made on the basis of published findings |
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| Converging evidence across many studies |
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| the strongest evidence for a claim about behavior |
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| A tentative explanation for a phenomenon |
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| Always review published psychological studies ... beginning their research. |
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| searches for answers using various research methodologies and measures |
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| Science is a ... - current research builds on previous research. |
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| a tentative explanation for a phenomenon. Often stated in the form of a prediction for some outcome, along with an explanation for the prediction. |
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