Religion vs. Science

1. Both can (support/contradict/support and contradict) each other. 

2. People used _____ in early history as a way of explainging why things happened.

3. People in early history relied on (superstition/education) over (superstition/education).

4. Most educated people were involved in the ______.

5. As people develop, the become more ________, and more likely to ______ _____.

1. support and contradict

2. religion

3. superstition, education

4. church

5. educated, ask why

King Henry Doesn't Usually Drink Chocolate Milk

Kilo-, Hecto-, Deka-, Units, Deci-, Centi-, Milli-

What is fact?

Are facts unchangeable and absolute?

Either of the following is correct.

• A phenomenon about which competent observers who have made a series of observations are in agreement.
• A revisable statement about the world.

No.

What is a hypothesis?

Better hypotheses are made by those who are (honest/dishonest) in the face of evidence.

Must be _______. If there is no test for the wrongness then it is not _________. 

Either of the following is correct.

• An educated guess.
• A reasonable explanation of an observation or experimental result that is not fully accepted as factual until tested over and over again by experiement.

honest

testable, scientific

What is law?

What is it also called?

A general hypothesis or statement about the relationships of natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted.

principle

What is theory?

(Can/shouldn't) undergo change; this is a (weakness/strength).

A synthesis of a large body of information that verifies hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world; how you interpret facts.

Can, strength

What is specualtion?

Is this a scientific hypothesis?

When a hypothesis cannot be proven right or wrong.

No.

What is science?

What did it used to be known as?

Either of the following is correct.

• The body of knowledge that describes the order within nature and the causes of that order.
• An ongoing human activity that represents knowledge about the world and organizing and condensing it into testable laws and theories.
• The study of living and non-living things.

Natural philosophy

• Science began in Greece in the 3-4 century BC
• It halted in Europe when the Roman Empire fell 5th century AD (Dark Ages)
• 10th-12th century AD, Muslims in Spain reintroduced Greek science
• Became inegrated with math in the 17th century AD.

Who proposed the Earth revolves around a stationary sun?

Who popularized this man's theory?

Nicholas Copernicus

Galileo Galilei

How much you know about something is often related to ______________________________.

Who/where/when/how was the Earth first measured?

Who created the diameter to distance ratio?

Who was the first to suggest that Earth spins on a daily axis?

What did the above person hypothesize and what two things did he correctly measure?

How can you, as a student, measure the diameter of the sun?

Eratosthenes in Egypt in 235 BC by comparing shadows of a pillar at noon in Alexandria to no shadows in Syene, a town 800 km away.

early Greeks

Aristarchus

The Earth and other planets move around the sun in a yearly orbit. Measured moon's diameter and distance from Earth.

Measuring the diameter of the sun's image cast through a pinhole.

_________ is the language of science.

Scientific ________ provide compact expressions of relationships between concepts.

It is easier to verify/disprove by _____ than with written language.

mathematics

equations

experiements

Who(2)/when was the scientific method founded?

What is the scientific method?

It is based on ________ thinking and _______.

What are the 5 steps to the scientific method (in order)?

What are the 3 ingredients needed to formulate a rule?

Other than scientific method, what are three other ways science is discovered? 

How can you test if something is right?

Galileo Galilei and Francis Bacon, 16th century

An orderly method of gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.

rational, experimentation

1. Recognize a question or problem.
2. Form a hypothesis.
3. Predict the consequences that should be observable if the hypothesis is correct.
4. Perform experiments to see if the predicted consequences are present.
5. Formulate the simplest general rule that organizes the three ingredients.  

• hypothesis
• predicted effects
• experimental findings

• trial and error
• experimentation without clear hypothesis
• accidental discovery

See if it can be proved wrong.

The scientific attitude includes (5)...

______ outweighs athority, reputation, and quantity of followers or advocates.

• inquiry
• experimentation
• humility
• must be willing to admit error
• must change or abandon hypothesis or law when finding evidence that contradicts it

science

Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?

a. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter that exist.

b. Space is permeated with an essence that is undetectable.

c. Einstein was the greatest physicist of the 20th century.

Explain why it cannot be the other two.

A

B: If it is "undetectable" it cannot be detected to be proven.

C: This is an opinion that cannot be proved or disproved.

________, _______,  and _______ are used to search for order in the world.

Which of these has only been in use most recently.

What are the three areas concerned most with?

Science, art, religion

science

science: Discovering and recording natural phenomena.

arts: Personal interpretation and creative expression.

religion: Addresses the source, purpose, and meaning of things.

Compare science and religion. (4)

Science is concerned with the ________ realm; religion with the ________ realm.

Science asks _______; religion asks ______.

• Basically different because their domains are different.
• Practices are different.
• They do not contradict each other, but are complementary.
• Uncertainty is unacceptable in religion, but not in science.

physical, spirtual

how, why

What is a pseudoscientist thoughts about nature?

Name the two cultures it still persists in.

What important ingredients is it lacking? (2)

Name two ways that pseudoscientists view cause-and-effect relations.

What do pseudoscience and science have in common?

Give two common behaviors of a pseudoscientist.

Think nature is created by supernatural.

primitive and technological

• evidence
• having a test for wrongness

• mysticism
• astrology

They both make predictions.

• Usually recruit apprentices for money or labor.
• Can be convincing, even to reasonable people.

What do astrologists believe? (2)

They tend to use _______ to credit their beliefs.

• there is a mystical relationship between individuals and the universe
• people are influenced by the movement of the planets and stars 

astronomy

Techonology is paired with ______.

When benefits of technological innovation outweigh them it becomes _______ and ______.

It is (possible/impossible) to have zero of these.

If you accept no _____ you have no _____.

risks

accepted, applied

impossible

risks, benefits

Compare/contrast science and technology.

Technology can be (helpful/harmful/both).

The greatest problem with survivng today's problems is (techonology/social intertia/neither of these/both of these).

Science is concerned with gathering and organizing knowledge.

Techology uses that knowledge for practical purposes.

both

social inertia

Which of the following activities involves the utmost human expression of talent, passion, and intelligence?

a) painting and sculpture

b) literature

c) music

d) religion

e) science

f) all of the above

How did Aristarchus measure the distance to the sun? (3 steps)

The moon's diameter is _______ times smaller than the Earth's.

Moon and sun diameter both ____ /_____ of their distance from the Earth.

1. First found the size of the Earth.
2. Found the size and distance of the moon.
3. Used similar triangles, diameter to distance ratio,  and Earth and moon size and distances to calculate the distance and size of the sun.

2.5

1/110

When science was first beginning, it stemmed from ________ ideas.

Science was usually seen as heresy if ______________________.

______ is how you interpret the "why" and "how".

_________ is about opinion.

religious

it contradicted religious beliefs

art

science