Term
| Name the three types of asexual reproduction |
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Definition
| binary fission, budding, and spores |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane-bound nucleus and organelles (which have specific cell functions and shapes), divide by mitosis and cell walls are simple. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria that doesn't have DNA or internal structures membrane bound. Usually divided by binary fission and have complex cell walls of peptidoglycan. |
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Term
| Heterotrophs obtain energy as |
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Definition
| Other feeders that feed on other's organic material for energy. |
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Term
| Autotrophs obtain energy by |
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Definition
| Self feeders that obtain their own energy from sunlight called photoautotrophs or from chemicals called chemoautotrophs. |
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Term
| Detritivores obtain energy by |
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Definition
| Living on dead organic matter. |
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Term
| Another name for Heterotrophs and Autotrophs are... |
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Definition
Heterotrophs= consumers
Autotrophs= producers |
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Term
| Why is oil immersion used with the highest magnification? |
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Definition
| Oil has the same refractive index of glass so light waves don't stray. |
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Term
| What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria? |
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Definition
| Cocci, bacillus, and spiral |
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Term
| What are the three bacterial patterns? |
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Definition
diplo- pairs
strepto- chains
staphlo- clusters |
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Term
| What are the two types of glycocalyx |
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Definition
| It's the slime layer which helps bacteria attach to surfaces and the capsule which protects against phagocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of bacteria towards favorable conditions or away from adverse ones |
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Term
| What is chemotaxis and phototaxes |
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Definition
| The stimulus is chemicals and second is light. |
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Term
| What are the four flagellar arrangements? |
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Definition
| Monotrichous, amphitrichous, lopotrichous, peritrchous |
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Term
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Definition
| Having a single flagellum at one end |
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Term
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Definition
| Having a tuft of 2 or more flagella at each end. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Having multiple flagella all over the cell. |
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Term
| What are the structures outside the cell wall? |
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Definition
| Flagella, axial filaments, fimbriae, pili |
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Term
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Definition
| Long, filamentous appendages used for motility |
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Term
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Definition
| Axial filaments found in spirochetes that gives motility in a corkscrew motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in gram negative bacteria that are hair-like appendages that allow them to cling or stick to surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual-like structures that can join 2 bacteria to exchange DNA. |
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Term
| Peptidoglycan in Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
| Gram positive has much more peptidoglycan. |
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Term
| What are the methods of passive transport across the cytoplasmic membrane |
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Definition
| simple diffusion (higher to lower concentration), facilitated diffusion (higher to lower with a required transporter protein), osmosis (water from higher to lower), osmosis in isotonic solutions (solutes according to equal concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| It's the small structure in a cell that contains DNA and is used to transfer info to another bacteria like antibiotic resistance. |
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Term
| Where would someone find endospores? |
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Definition
| In gram positive bacteria and are formed when conditions become difficult for the bacteria to survive. They go into basically a mini-coma and then |
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Term
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Definition
| The endospores (which formed in yucky conditions) turn back into a normal bacteria when conditions are perfect again. |
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Term
| What are the types of eukaryotic cell walls? |
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Definition
Algae have cellulose cell-walls
Most fungi- chitin
Yeast- glucan and mannan
Protozoans- capsule-like pellicle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short hair-like structures used for locomotion. |
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Term
| A form of active transport in Eukaryotes only- |
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Definition
Endocytosis. Two types
1. Phagocytosis (cell eating)
2. Pinocytosis (cell drinking) |
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Term
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Definition
| The mitochondria and Nucleus |
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Term
| What is the Endosymbiotic Theory? |
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Definition
| Larger prokaryotes became eukaryotes after taking in the smaller prokaryotes and learned how to survive together. |
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Term
| Simple and special stains |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stain special cell structures as endospores and flagella |
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Term
| two types of differential stains |
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Definition
acid-fast stain (Mycobacterium like TB)
Gram stain- positive (purple) negative (pink) |
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Term
| Bacteria in the Domain Archaea |
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Definition
| Prokaryotes that lack a cell wall or they'll have a cell well with no peptidoglycan. |
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Term
| What are the three groups of bacteria in the Domain Archaea- |
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Definition
Methanogens (make methane from CO2 and Hydrogen)
Extreme halophiles (require a salt concentration to live)
Hyperthermophiles (grow in hot acidic environments) |
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Term
| How are Domain Bacteria divided? |
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Definition
| TWO groups of gram positive bacteria and the gram negative- which has 2 subdividisions of the proteobacteria (most of the chemoheterotrophic bacteria) and nonproteobacteria (mainly just the photsynthetic bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Plant-like, animal like, fungi-like |
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Term
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Definition
| red, green, and brown algae, and dinoflagellates (plankton) and diatoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rhizopoda (amoeboids), Ciliophora or ciliates, Archaezoa (Mastigophora) or flagellates like Giardia or Trichomonas, the Apicomplexans, sporozoa like Toxoplasma, Malaria, and Cryptosporidium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural parts that is the substrate they grow on for nourishment and the aerial portion that produces spores. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mass of fungal hyphae and spores is a hairy mass. |
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Term
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Definition
| Classification of organisms by their characteristics |
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